Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Proposed relationship between the mevalonate pathway, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer.
- Figure 2
Absolute rates of lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS)7 relative to lung cancer incidence during the follow-up interval 3–4 years of the NLST* CXR arm. CXR, chest X-ray; NLST*, National Lung Screening Trial is the largest lung cancer screening trial to date and reported a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality through the identification and surgical treatment of early stage non-small cell cancer. Over the same duration of follow-up in the CXR arm of the NLST, we found a comparable incidence of lung cancer to that in the placebo arm of CANTOS (1.61% and 1.82% respectively).34
Tables
- Table 1
A comparison of observed minus expected outcomes in relation to cause-specific mortality (data sourced from Ridker et al 7)
Cause of death Deaths in placebo*
(n=3344 total)Death in treated
(n=6717 total)Expected deaths† Observed-expected
(difference [%])Lung cancer 38 39 77 −38 (−49) Other cancers 43 76 86 −10 (−12) Sepsis 23 78 46 +32 (+70) Cardiovascular 182 319 366 −47 (−13) Other/unknown 89 193 178 +15 (+8) Total 375 705 753 −48 †The absolute number of expected deaths in the treated arm were calculated according to deaths in the placebo arm*. These were estimated to be approximately twofold that in the placebo arm.7
