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Alzheimer’s disease: many failed trials, so where do we go from here?

Allison Bethanne Reiss, Amy D Glass, Thomas Wisniewski, Benjamin Wolozin, Irving H Gomolin, Aaron Pinkhasov, Joshua De Leon, Mark M Stecker
DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001297 Published 29 July 2020
Allison Bethanne Reiss
1 Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
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  • ORCID record for Allison Bethanne Reiss
Amy D Glass
1 Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
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Thomas Wisniewski
2 Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Benjamin Wolozin
3 Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Irving H Gomolin
1 Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
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Aaron Pinkhasov
4 Department of Psychiatry, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
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Joshua De Leon
1 Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine and NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
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Mark M Stecker
5 Neurology, UCSF San Francisco/Fresno, Fresno, California, USA
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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with relentlessly progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. AD pathology proceeds for decades before cognitive deficits become clinically apparent, opening a window for preventative therapy. Imbalance of clearance and buildup of amyloid β and phosphorylated tau proteins in the central nervous system is believed to contribute to AD pathogenesis. However, multiple clinical trials of treatments aimed at averting accumulation of these proteins have yielded little success, and there is still no disease-modifying intervention. Here, we discuss current knowledge of AD pathology and treatment with an emphasis on emerging biomarkers and treatment strategies.

Footnotes

  • Twitter @Dr__Reiss

  • Contributors All the authors have read and approved this article. Idea and concept: ABR, BW and MMS. Drafting of the manuscript: ABR, AP, IHG and TW. Critical intellectual contribution, figure drawing and manuscript editing: ADG and JDL.

  • Funding This work was supported by The Alzheimer's Foundation of America Award (AWD00004772).

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Patient consent for publication Not required.

  • Provenance and peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

  • Data availability statement Brief summary data are preliminary and available upon request.

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Vol 68 Issue 6 Table of Contents
Journal of Investigative Medicine: 68 (6)
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Alzheimer’s disease: many failed trials, so where do we go from here?
Allison Bethanne Reiss, Amy D Glass, Thomas Wisniewski, Benjamin Wolozin, Irving H Gomolin, Aaron Pinkhasov, Joshua De Leon, Mark M Stecker
Journal of Investigative Medicine Aug 2020, 68 (6) 1135-1140; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001297

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Alzheimer’s disease: many failed trials, so where do we go from here?
Allison Bethanne Reiss, Amy D Glass, Thomas Wisniewski, Benjamin Wolozin, Irving H Gomolin, Aaron Pinkhasov, Joshua De Leon, Mark M Stecker
Journal of Investigative Medicine Aug 2020, 68 (6) 1135-1140; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001297
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Alzheimer’s disease: many failed trials, so where do we go from here?
Allison Bethanne Reiss, Amy D Glass, Thomas Wisniewski, Benjamin Wolozin, Irving H Gomolin, Aaron Pinkhasov, Joshua De Leon, Mark M Stecker
Journal of Investigative Medicine Aug 2020, 68 (6) 1135-1140; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001297
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    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and Aβ formation
    • Rodent models
    • Alzheimer’s pathology and imaging
    • Current and future treatment: the obstacles to success
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
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