Article Figures & Data
- Figure 1
Kaplan-Meier analysis of unadjusted overall time to initiation of dialysis. (A) Kaplan-Meier analysis of unadjusted overall time to initiation of dialysis for five groups without DM according to SBP (≤119 or 120–129 or 130–139 or 140–149 or ≥150 mm Hg). (B) Kaplan-Meier analysis of unadjusted overall time to initiation of dialysis for five groups with DM according to SBP (≤119 or 120–129 or 130–139 or 140–149 or ≥150 mm Hg). DM, diabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
- Table 1
Characteristics of study participants according to presence or absence of diabetes and dialysis
Total Diabetes mellitus (−) P value Diabetes mellitus (+) P value Dialysis Dialysis (−) (+) (−) (+) (n=258 874) (n=241 515) (n=113) (n=17 170) (n=76) Age (years) 45±9 44±9 47±8 ＜0.001 50±8 50±8 0.947 Sex (male, %) 161 007 (62) 146 602 (61) 91 (81) ＜0.001 14 243 (83) 71 (93) 0.015 Body mass index (kg/m2) 22.8±3.6 22.6±3.4 23.6±4.0 0.003 26.1±4.6 26.8±4.6 0.126 Smoking (%) 71 904 (28) 65 365 (27) 44 (39) 0.005 6462 (38) 33 (43) 0.299 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 120±16 119±15 129±21 <0.001 131±17 140±21 <0.001 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 74±11 73±11 79±15 <0.001 80±11 83±11 0.078 HbA1c (%) 5.5±0.7 5.4±0.3 5.5±0.4 0.243 7.2±1.4 7.8±2.1 0.015 LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) 3.1±0.8 3.1±0.8 3.0±0.9 0.470 3.3±0.9 3.3±1.1 0.814 HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) 1.6±0.4 1.7±0.4 1.4±0.4 <0.001 1.4±0.4 1.3±0.4 <0.001 Medication for diabetes (%) 8136 (3) – – – 8080 (47) 56 (74) <0.001 Medication for hypertension (%) 21 103 (8) 15 777 (7) 51 (45) <0.001 5218 (30) 57 (75) <0.001 Prevalence of coronary artery disease (%) 13 055 (5) 10 601 (4) 37 (33) <0.001 2382 (14) 35 (46) <0.001 Data are presented as numbers, means±SD or percentages
Values in bold are of statistical significance (P<0.05)
HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
- Table 2
Cox regression analysis of variables for the incidence of dialysis in participants with and without diabetes mellitus (DM)
A B Total DM (−) DM (+) Diabetes 3.41 (2.45 to 4.76) SBP mm Hg <110/≥110 0.98 (0.57 to 1.66) 1.31 (0.41 to 4.21) <115/≥115 1.30 (0.81 to 2.11) 1.75 (0.70 to 4.38) <120/≥120 1.14 (0.75 to 1.75) 1.47 (0.75 to 2.99) <125/≥125 1.34 (0.89 to 2.01) 1.67 (0.94 to 2.97) <130/≥130 1.35 (0.90 to 2.02) 1.42 (0.87 to 2.31) <140/≥140 2.01 (1.28to 3.16) 1.44 (0.90to 2.30) <150/≥150 2.82 (1.67to 4.77) 1.81 (1.06to 3.07) Baseline variables for predictors of dialysis adjusted by age, sex, smoking, medication for hypertension, BMI, LDL-C and HDL-C.
(A) Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, medication for hypertension, BMI, LDL-C, HDL-C and DM. (B) Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, medication for hypertension, BMI, LDL-C, HDL-C and SBP (≥110 or ≥115 or ≥120 or ≥125 or ≥130 or ≥140 or ≥150 mm Hg).
Values in bold are of statistical significance (P<0.05)
BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
- Table 3
HRs for initiation of dialysis according to combinations of DM and SBP
SBP mm Hg DM (−) DM (+) HR (95% CI) ≤119 1.00 (ref.) 1.00 (ref.) 120–129 0.98 (0.58 to 1.64) 1.22 (0.55 to 2.70) 130–139 0.94 (0.52 to 1.67) 1.41 (0.65 to 3.04) 140–149 1.28 (0.63 to 2.61) 1.31 (0.55 to 3.14) ≥150 2.87 (1.55 to 5.32) 2.28 (1.03 to 5.01) ≤119 1.00 (ref.) 3.01 (1.45 to 6.25) 120–129 0.97 (0.58 to 1.62) 3.70 (1.96 to 7.00) 130–139 0.95 (0.54 to 1.68) 4.26 (2.32 to 7.81) 140–149 1.31 (0.65 to 2.65) 3.94 (1.89 to 8.19) ≥150 3.00 (1.65 to 5.44) 6.88 (3.66 to 12.9) HR for the initiation of dialysis compared with the combination of DM (−) and SBP ≤119 mm Hg/DM (+) and SBP ≤119 mm Hg as a reference group. Baseline variables as predictors for dialysis adjusted by age, sex, smoking, medication for hypertension, BMI, LDL-C and HDL-C.
**Values in bold are statistical significance (P <0.05).
**
DM, diabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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