Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Complex crosstalk between autophagy and EMT during metastasis. Autophagy regulates cancer metastasis via EMT with different mechanisms. Several different regulators may target autophagy and indirectly affect EMT. These include p53 (cytosolic and nuclear), growth factors and cytokines (like TGF-β) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Nuclear p53 increases autophagy, while cytosolic p53 inhibits this pathway. Regulation of autophagy pathway via Atg proteins (Atg7) also inhibits autophagy and decreases EMT and potentially inhibits cancer metastasis. Akt, protein kinase B; EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; mTOR, the mechanistic target of rapamycin; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta.
