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Autophagy and cancer metastasis: a Trojan horse

Javad Alizadeh, Shahrokh Lorzadeh, Saeid Ghavami
DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002016 Published 26 July 2021
Javad Alizadeh
1 Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Shahrokh Lorzadeh
1 Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Saeid Ghavami
1 Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
2 Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
3 Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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    Figure 1

    Complex crosstalk between autophagy and EMT during metastasis. Autophagy regulates cancer metastasis via EMT with different mechanisms. Several different regulators may target autophagy and indirectly affect EMT. These include p53 (cytosolic and nuclear), growth factors and cytokines (like TGF-β) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Nuclear p53 increases autophagy, while cytosolic p53 inhibits this pathway. Regulation of autophagy pathway via Atg proteins (Atg7) also inhibits autophagy and decreases EMT and potentially inhibits cancer metastasis. Akt, protein kinase B; EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition; mTOR, the mechanistic target of rapamycin; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta.

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Vol 69 Issue 6 Table of Contents
Journal of Investigative Medicine: 69 (6)
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Autophagy and cancer metastasis: a Trojan horse
Javad Alizadeh, Shahrokh Lorzadeh, Saeid Ghavami
Journal of Investigative Medicine Aug 2021, 69 (6) 1145-1147; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002016

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Autophagy and cancer metastasis: a Trojan horse
Javad Alizadeh, Shahrokh Lorzadeh, Saeid Ghavami
Journal of Investigative Medicine Aug 2021, 69 (6) 1145-1147; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002016
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Autophagy and cancer metastasis: a Trojan horse
Javad Alizadeh, Shahrokh Lorzadeh, Saeid Ghavami
Journal of Investigative Medicine Aug 2021, 69 (6) 1145-1147; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002016
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