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Preoperative vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy

Eun Ho Eunice Choi, Fares Qeadan, Eyas Alkhalili, Christina Lovato, Mark R Burge
DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001644 Published 26 July 2021
Eun Ho Eunice Choi
1 Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Fares Qeadan
2 Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Eyas Alkhalili
3 Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Christina Lovato
4 Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Mark R Burge
4 Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Abstract

Prior single-institution studies suggest that preoperative vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with postoperative hypocalcemia and a prolonged length of hospital stay following total thyroidectomy. In this study, we employ a multi-institutional, de-identified electronic health records database to address this issue. We hypothesize that total thyroidectomy patients with preoperative VDD will be at an increased associated risk of postoperative hypocalcemia and hospitalization. Using Cerner Health Facts, we identified 2447 patients who underwent total or subtotal thyroidectomy between 2008 and 2016 and who had a documented 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration obtained within 12 months of the surgery date using International Classification of Diseases 9/10, Current Procedural Terminology and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes. Data from 984 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were analyzed. Analysis of variance models estimated the effect of VDD on postoperative numerical variables. Multiple logistic regression estimated the risk of postoperative hypocalcemia and hospital stay, adjusting for any imbalanced demographic variables and operative characteristics. On average, postoperative total calcium concentrations in the VDD group were lower by 0.3 mg/dL compared with that of the non-VDD group (p<0.01). The risk of postoperative hypocalcemia was 2.2 times higher in the VDD group compared with the non-VDD group (p<0.01). Although the length of hospital stay after thyroidectomy was longer in the VDD group compared with the non-VDD group (p=0.03), VDD is not an independent risk factor for prolonged hospitalization following thyroidectomy (p=0.13). VDD is associated with a higher risk of hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy. Prethyroidectomy operative screening for VDD should be considered.

Footnotes

  • Contributors EHEC, FQ, MRB: substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work, drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published, and agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. EA, CL: interpretation of data for the work, drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published, and agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

  • Funding This study was partially supported by the UNM HSC Clinical & Translational Science Center (NCATS grant #8UL1TR000041).

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

Data availability statement

Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available.

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Vol 69 Issue 6 Table of Contents
Journal of Investigative Medicine: 69 (6)
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Preoperative vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy
Eun Ho Eunice Choi, Fares Qeadan, Eyas Alkhalili, Christina Lovato, Mark R Burge
Journal of Investigative Medicine Aug 2021, 69 (6) 1175-1181; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001644

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Preoperative vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy
Eun Ho Eunice Choi, Fares Qeadan, Eyas Alkhalili, Christina Lovato, Mark R Burge
Journal of Investigative Medicine Aug 2021, 69 (6) 1175-1181; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001644
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Preoperative vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy
Eun Ho Eunice Choi, Fares Qeadan, Eyas Alkhalili, Christina Lovato, Mark R Burge
Journal of Investigative Medicine Aug 2021, 69 (6) 1175-1181; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001644
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