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Clinical and serological associations of autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

María Correa-Rodríguez, Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino, Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio, Raquel Ríos-Fernández, María Martín-Amada, María-Gracia Cruz-Caparrós, Blanca Rueda-Medina, Norberto Ortego-Centeno
DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001887 Published 25 November 2021
María Correa-Rodríguez
1 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
2 Institute for Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino
2 Institute for Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio
2 Institute for Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
3 Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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Raquel Ríos-Fernández
2 Institute for Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
3 Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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María Martín-Amada
4 Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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María-Gracia Cruz-Caparrós
5 Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital de Poniente, Almería (El Ejido), Spain
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Blanca Rueda-Medina
1 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
2 Institute for Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Norberto Ortego-Centeno
2 Institute for Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
6 Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the formation of antigen–antibody complexes which trigger an immune response. We investigate certain autoantibodies including nucleosome, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), Smith, ribonucleoprotein, and Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigens, and examine their associations with disease activity, damage accrual, and SLE-related clinical and serological manifestations in patients with SLE. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a total 293 patients (90.4% female, mean age 46.87±12.94 years) and used the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) to evaluate disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores were significantly higher in anti-nucleosome-positive (3.87±2.72 vs 2.52±2.76, p=0.004) and anti-dsDNA-positive (3.08±2.91 vs 2.04±2.48, p=0.010) patients compared with patients without these antibodies. SDI scores were also significantly higher in anti-nucleosome-positive patients (1.61±1.99 vs 0.89±1.06, p=0.004). The presence of antinucleosome (p=0.019) and anti-dsDNA antibodies (p=0.001) both correlated significantly with the incidence of nephritis; anti-La antibodies were associated with arthritis (p=0.022), and we also observed a relationship between the presence of antinucleosome antibodies and leukopenia (p=0.011). Patients with antinucleosome or anti-dsDNA antibodies had a higher disease activity and were likely to have nephritis. Antinucleosome was also associated with more damage accrual. A greater understanding of these autoantibodies could lead to the development of new approaches to more accurate assessments of SLE.

Footnotes

  • Contributors All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. NO-O and BR-M contributed equally to this work. MC-R performed patient’s nutritional assessments, analyzed and interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript. GP-G analyzed the data, performed statistical analyses and reviewed/edited manuscript. J-LC-R, RR-F, MM-A, MC-C performed patient recruitment, clinical assessment and reviewed the manuscript. NO-C contributed to the conception and study design, patient recruitment and reviewed/edited manuscript. BR-M contributed to the conception, study design, and data interpretation and reviewed/edited manuscript.

  • Funding This study was supported by the grant PI0523-2016 from Consejería de Igualdad, Salud y Políticas Sociales (Junta de Andalucía).

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

Data availability statement

Data are available upon reasonable request.

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Vol 69 Issue 8 Table of Contents
Journal of Investigative Medicine: 69 (8)
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Clinical and serological associations of autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
María Correa-Rodríguez, Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino, Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio, Raquel Ríos-Fernández, María Martín-Amada, María-Gracia Cruz-Caparrós, Blanca Rueda-Medina, Norberto Ortego-Centeno
Journal of Investigative Medicine Dec 2021, 69 (8) 1417-1425; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001887

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Clinical and serological associations of autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
María Correa-Rodríguez, Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino, Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio, Raquel Ríos-Fernández, María Martín-Amada, María-Gracia Cruz-Caparrós, Blanca Rueda-Medina, Norberto Ortego-Centeno
Journal of Investigative Medicine Dec 2021, 69 (8) 1417-1425; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001887
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Clinical and serological associations of autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
María Correa-Rodríguez, Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino, Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio, Raquel Ríos-Fernández, María Martín-Amada, María-Gracia Cruz-Caparrós, Blanca Rueda-Medina, Norberto Ortego-Centeno
Journal of Investigative Medicine Dec 2021, 69 (8) 1417-1425; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001887
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