Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
Descriptive characteristics and clinical manifestations of the study population
Characteristics Total (n=264) Female 265 (90.4) Age (years) 46.87 (12.94) Time since diagnosis (years) 9.12 (6.58) Smoking 67 (22.9) Clinical activity SLEDAI score 2.77±2.83 SDI score 1.00±1.25 Laboratory data WBC (/µL) 5709.86±2242.28 Lymphocyte (/µL) 1629.91±757.93 Hemoglobin (/µL) 13.89±6.61 Platelet (x1000 /µL) 226.44±70.64 ESR (mm/h) 19.24±15.50 hs-CRP (mg/dL) 3.23±4.89 Hcy (µmol/L) 12.44±7.25 Albumin (g/dL) 4.08±0.37 AST (IU/L) 23.71±10.80 ALT (IU/L) 19.69±9.47 Complement C3 level (mg/dL) 109.23±28.01 Complement C4 level (mg/dL) 22.80±16.69 Medication used Antimalarial use 231 (79.4) Immunosuppressor use 107 (36.8) Corticoid use 114 (39.2) Clinical manifestations Arthritis 155 (55.6) Facial rash 150 (53.8) Discoid lupus 37 (13.3) Mucosal ulceration 145 (52.0) Photosensitivity 189 (67.7) Hemolytic anemia 19 (6.8) Leukopenia 168 (60.2) Thrombocytopenia 41 (14.7) Neurological 37 (13.3) Nephritis 73 (26.2) Serositis 36 (12.9) Data are expressed as mean and frequency and percentage.
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Hcy, homocysteine; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; WBC, white blood cell.
- Table 2
Antinuclear antibodies in patients with SLE stratified according to sex and onset of the disease
Total Total
N (%)Sex Onset of the disease Women, n (%) Men, n (%) P value Early onset <50 years, n (%) Late onset 50 years, n (%) P value Nucleosome 31 (11.2) 30 (12.0) 1 (3.7) 0.406 18 (10.5) 13 (12.1) 0.406 dsDNA (+) 204 (71.3) 183 (70.9) 21 (75.0) 0.651 135 (77.1) 69 (62.2) 0.006 Sm (+) 35 (12.0) 32 (12.2) 3 (10.7) 0.822 22 (12.4) 13 (11.5) 0.827 RNP (+) 30 (10.6) 28 (10.6) 2 (7.1) 0.801 22 (12.3) 8 (7.1) 0.257 Ro (+) 108 (37) 103 (39.0) 5 (17.9) 0.027 61 (34.1) 47 (41.6) 0.195 La (+) 27 (9.2) 27 (10.2) – 0.076 13 (7.3) 14 (12.4) 0.141 Data are expressed as frequency and percentage.
Bold values denote statistical significance (p<0.05).
dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; RNP, ribonucleoprotein; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; Sm, Smith.
- Table 3
Clinical SLE disease activity and laboratory data in relation to autoantibody phenotype
Nucleosome (+)
(n=31)Nucleosome (−)
(n=247)P value dsDNA (+)
(n=204)dsDNA (−)
(n=82)P value Sm (+)
(n=35)Sm (−)
(n=256)P value RNP (+)
(n=31)RNP (−)
(n=261)P value Ro (+)
(n=108)Ro (−)
(n=184)P value La (+) (n=27) La (−)
(n=265)P value Clinical activity SLEDAI score 3.87±2.72 2.52±2.76 0.004 3.08±2.91 2.04±2.48 0.010 3.14±2.76 2.73±2.84 0.449 3.63±3.05 2.69±2.80 0.149 2.60±2.73 2.87±2.89 0.453 2.89±2.57 2.76±2.86 0.852 SDI score 1.61±1.99 0.89±1.06 0.004 1.03±1.32 0.93±1.09 0.162 1.28±1.54 0.97±1.21 0.123 1.26±1.55 0.98±1.22 0.278 0.84±1.16 1.10±1.30 0.028 1.07±1.35 1.00±1.25 0.927 Laboratory data WBC (/µL) 5577.22±1723.92 5689.36±2210.66 0.806 5814.12±2204.76 5507.53±2350.52 0.315 5663.05±2141.01 5708.07±2260.52 0.924 5383.79±1526.57 5738.30±2308.64 0.455 5372.88±2001.31 5907.97±2355.39 0.095 5321.92±2076.00 5748.21±2258.12 0.441 Lymphocyte (/µL) 1702.35±708.69 1628.45±764.86 0.777 1624.28±793.94 1634.46±667.69 0.868 1471.58±701.36 1651.70±764.15 0.197 1314.93±569.46 1666.15±769.33 0.023 1530.43±671.79 1689.25±800.91 0.087 1495.11±521.38 1644.24±778.26 0.335 Hemoglobin (/µL) 13.08±1.45 14.02±7.17 0.797 13.89±7.83 13.89±1.04 0.989 13.62±1.41 13.93±7.04 0.794 13.06±1.25 13.99±6.97 0.788 13.40±1.22 14.18±8.28 0.362 13.12±1.16 13.97±6.92 0.589 Platelet (×1000 /µL) 228.19±54.85 226.00±72.81 0.998 226.43±71.48 226.59±70.12 0.644 211.97±58.12 227.76±71.41 0.195 224.20±58.87 226.05±71.32 0.090 232.79±68.57 222.69±71.75 0.146 258.55±68.78 223.16±70.13 0.014 ESR (mm/hour) 25.60±18.86 18.33±14.61 0.039 20.74±16.94 15.53±10.71 0.015 21.37±18.75 18.85±14.96 0.340 27.06±18.40 18.22±14.84 0.008 21.57±16.26 17.84±14.90 0.042 23.34±17.33 18.83±15.28 0.177 hs-CRP (mg/dL) 4.11±3.72 3.20±5.08 0.078 3.61±5.50 2.37±2.82 0.030 3.21±4.92 3.25±4.90 0.938 4.12±5.59 3.14±4.81 0.556 3.44±6.14 3.11±3.99 0.415 5.34±10.40 3.03±3.93 0.017 Hcy (µmol/L) 11.65±3.36 12.65±7.76 0.584 11.74±4.69 14.18±11.18 0.023 11.80±4.09 12.54±7.58 0.642 12.57±4.34 12.44±7.52 0.886 12.41±5.62 12.46±8.08 0.955 13.69±9.49 12.32±7.91 0.348 Albumin (g/dL) 3.98±0.40 4.09±0.37 0.498 4.04±0.35 4.14±0.40 0.027 4.04±0.37 4.08±0.37 0.596 3.98±0.34 4.09±0.38 0.229 4.14±0.36 4.04±0.38 0.034 4.06±0.47 4.08±0.36 0.917 AST (IU/L) 21.94±8.35 23.57±11.09 0.820 24.03±10.87 22.65±10.65 0.407 23.46±8.30 23.74±11.05 0.838 27.69±9.86 23.29±10.84 0.088 22.38±6.34 24.60±12.92 0.237 23.41±9.31 23.74±10.96 0.920 ALT (IU/L) 20.52±8.20 19.28±9.43 0.535 19.20±8.90 20.33±10.39 0.440 20.52±10.46 19.60±9.38 0.468 24.66±10.74 19.20±9.23 0.018 19.20±6.65 19.95±10.67 0.933 21.29±7.53 19.54±9.64 0.356 Complement C3 level (mg/dL) 111.98±34.98 108.89±26.69 0.536 107.30±29.44 113.81±23.36 0.196 109.45±31.33 109.16±27.64 0.896 109.06±32.70 109.21±27.54 0.871 109.36±27.59 109.16±28.33 0.606 100.26±25–26 110.15±28.16 0.045 Complement C4 level (mg/dL) 22.88±15.93 22.91±17.16 0.996 22.63±18.86 22.88±9.28 0.970 20.42±9.98 23.11±17.42 0.407 22.77±9.79 22.79±17.35 0.982 24.08±20.99 22.05±13.53 0.371 21.64±10.12 22.92±17.23 0.726 Data are expressed as mean and range.
Bold values denote statistical significance (p<0.05).
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Hcy, homocysteine; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; RNP, ribonucleoprotein; SDI, Damage Index for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; Sm, Smith; WBC, white blood cell.
- Table 4
Prevalence of clinical manifestations in relation to autoantibody phenotype
Nucleosome
(+)
(n=31)Nucleosome (−)
(n=247)OR (95% CI) P value dsDNA (+) (n=204) dsDNA (−)
(n=82)OR (95% CI) P value Sm (+) (n=35) Sm (−)
(n=256)OR (95% CI) P value RNP (+)
(n=31)RNP (−)
(n=261)OR (95% CI) P value Ro (+)
(n=108)Ro (−)
(n=184)OR (95% CI) P value La (+) (n=27) La (−) (n=265) OR (95% CI) P value Clinical manifestations Arthritis 19 (65.5) 129 (54.9) 1.200 (0.562 to 2.562) 0.638 115 (56.9) 39 (52.7) 1.242 (0.715 to 2.158) 0.442 19 (57.6) 136 (55.5) 1.113 (0.529 to 2.344) 0.777 18 (62.1) 137 (55.0) 1.321 (0.685 to 2.547) 0.406 60 (57.7) 95 (54.3) 0.892 (0.539 to 1.477) 0.658 20 (80) 135 (53.1) 3.286 (1.184 to 9.124) 0.022 Facial rash 11 (37.9) 127 (54.0 0.434 (0.199 to 0.946) 0.036 112 (55.4) 36 (48.6) 1.326 (0.759 to 2.314) 0.321 22 (66.7) 127 (51.8) 0.536 (0.246 to 1.167) 0.116 22 (75.9) 127 (51.0) 1.140 (0.474 to 2.737) 0.545 54 (51.9) 96 (54.9) 1.140 (0.688 to 1.889) 0.611 14 (56.0) 136 (53.5) 1.018 (0.439 to 2.364) 0.288 Discoid lupus 3 (10.3) 29 (12.3) 1.313 (0.477 to 3.613) 0.598 22 (10.9) 15 (20.3) 1.866 (0.889 to 3.916) 0.099 5 (15.2) 32 (13.1) 1.203 (0.430 to 3.372) 0.725 4 (13.8) 33 (13.3) 1.473 (0.604 to 3.596) 0.395 12 (11.5) 25 (14.3) 0.793 (0.373 to 1.685) 0.546 4 (16.0) 33 (13.0) 1.277 (0.405 to 4.027) 0.718 Mucosal ulceration 17 (58.6) 121 (51.5) 1.478 (0.698 to 3.127) 0.307 104 (51.5) 40 (54.1) 1.150 (0.664 to 1.001) 0.618 20 (60.6) 125 (51.0) 1.458 (0.692 to 3.071) 0.321 15 (51.7) 130 (52.2) 1.151 (0.795 to 1.668) 0.457 55 (52.9) 90 (51.4) 1.024 (0.623 to 1.684) 0.926 10 (40.0) 135 (53.1) 0.574 (0.246 to 1.337) 0.198 Photosensitivity 20 (69.0) 159 (67.7) 0.720 (0.331 to 1.567) 0.408 129 (63.9) 57 (77.0) 1.829 (0.961 to 3.479) 0.066 24 (72.7) 165 (8.6) 1.286/0.557 to 2.972) 0.556 22 (75,9) 167 (67.1) 1.473 (0.604 to 3.596) 0.395 69 (66.3) 120 (68.6) 0.785 (0.456 to 1.353) 0.384 17 (68.0) 172 (67.7) 0.798 (0.326 to 1.954) 0.115 Hemolytic anemia 0 19 (8.1%) 0.00 0.998 15 (7.4) 4 (5.4) 0.865 (0.268 to 2.793) 0.809 2 (6.1) 17 (6.9) 1.113 (0.242 to 5.118) 0.891 1 (3.4) 18 (7.2) 1.047 (0.684 to 1.604) 0.832 7 (6.7) 12 (6.9) 0.902 (0.335 to 2.428) 0.839 0 19 (7.5) 0.00 0.998 Leukopenia 24 (82.8) 136 (57.9) 3.656 (1.354 to 9.869) 0.011 124 (61.4) 41 (55.4) 0.778 (0.447 to 1.354) 0.375 22 (66.7) 146 (59.6) 1.393 (0.63 to 3.019) 0.400 19 (65.5) 149 (59.8) 1.319 (0.679 to 2.560) 0.414 66 (63.5) 102 (58.3) 1.180 (0.708 to 1.966) 0.525 18 (72.0 150 (59.1) 1.734 (0.693 to 4.336) 0.240 Thrombocytopenia 5 (17.2) 34 (14.5) 1.363 (0.496 to 3.744) 0.549 34 (16.8) 6 (8.1) 0.482 (0.188 to 1.235) 0.128 4 (12.1) 37 (15.1) 0.757 (0.244 to 2.350) 4 (13.8) 37 (14.9) 1.115 (0.662 to 1.877) 0.683 12 (11.5) 29 (16.6) 0.752 (0.356 to 1.587) 0.455 4 (16) 37 (14.6) 1.462 (0.463 to 4.622) 0.518 Neurological 3 (10.3) 32 (13.6) 0.630 (0.185 to 2.148) 0.460 25 (12.4) 11 (14.9) 1.036 (0.467 to 2.300) 0.930 6 (18.2) 31 (12.7) 1.589 (0.588 to 4.298) 0.362 4 (13.8) 33 (13.3) 1.211 (0.426 to 3.447) 0.720 12 (11.5) 25 (14.3) 0.657 (0.307 to 1.408) 0.280 1 (4.0) 36 (14.2) 0.231 (0.030 to 1.788) 0.161 Nephritis 13 (44.8) 58 (24.7) 2.593 (1.169 to 5.750) 0.019 65 (32.2) 8 (10.8) 0.226 (0.096 to 0.531) 0.001 9 (27.3) 64 (26.1) 1.036 (0.436 to 2.457) 0.937 10 (34.5) 63 (25.3) 1.461 (0.626 to 3.407) 0.381 23 (22.1) 50 (28.6) 0.910 (0.499 to 1.659) 0.758 5 (20.0) 68 (26.8) 0.793 (0.276 to 2.281) 0.667 Serositis 4 (13.8) 27 (208) 1.168 (0.392 to 3.477) 0.781 31 (15.3) 5 (6.8) 0.403 (0.148 to 1.095) 0.075 7 (21.2) 29 (11.8) 2.058 (0.815 to 5.197) 0.127 5 (17.2) 31 (12.4) 1.447 (0.514 to 4.070) 0.484 9 (8.7) 27 (15.4) 0.519 (0.231 to 1.167) 0.113 3 (22) 33 (13.0) 0.928 (0.259 to 3.325) 0.908 Data are expressed as mean and frequency and percentage.
Bold values denote statistical significance (p<0.05).
dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; RNP, ribonucleoprotein; Sm, Smith; SSA/Ro and SSA/La, Sjogren syndrome-related antigens.
Vol 69 Issue 8
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