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Retrospective evaluation of patients with and without 14-day readmissions following hospitalization for COVID-19

Kavitha Subramoney, Omar Elsheikh, Saira Butt, Daniel Romano, Lindsey Reese, Areeba Kara
DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001986 Published 25 January 2022
Kavitha Subramoney
1 Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Omar Elsheikh
2 Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Saira Butt
2 Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Daniel Romano
2 Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Lindsey Reese
2 Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Areeba Kara
2 Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

  • Table 1

    Demographics and hospitalization characteristics of patients discharged following COVID-19 hospitalization based on subsequent 14-day readmission status

    Patients without 14-day readmissionPatients with 14-day readmissionP value
    Total81894
    Mean age (years)58.468.1<0.0001
    SD16.519.6
    Gender, n (%)0.12
     Female417 (51.1)40 (42.5)
     Male401 (49.3)54 (57.5)
    Body mass index (kg/m2), n (%)
     Non-obese (<26)102 (12.5)12 (12.7)0.9
     Overweight (26–29.9)106 (12.9)16 (17.0)0.23
     Class 1 (30–34.9)114 (13.9)11 (11.7)0.55
     Class 2 (35–39.9)86 (10.5)15 (15.9)0.11
     Class 3 (>40)86 (10.5)17 (18.9)0.02
     Missing data322 (40.1)23 (24.7)0.004
    Comorbidities, n (%)
     Diabetes mellitus426 (52.1)33 (35.1)0.002
     Cardiovascular389 (47.6)34 (36.2)0.03
     Gastrointestinal356 (43.5)12 (12.8)<0.00001
     Pulmonary232 (28.4)36 (38.3)0.04
     Malignancy109 (13.3)10 (10.6)0.46
    Mean LOS (days)8.610.80.09
    SD8.5710.21
    ICU stay during index hospitalization, n (%)565 (69)71 (75.5)0.23
    Mean ICU stay (days)7.910.70.002
    SD7.828.62
    • International Classification of Diseases codes were used to assess comorbidities. The following codes were used: 428.0 for congestive heart failure, 121 for myocardial infarction, 148 for atrial fibrillation, 149.9 for cardiac arrhythmia, J44.9 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J84.9 for interstitial lung disease, J45.909 for asthma, K51.90 for inflammatory bowel disease, K21.9 for gastro esophageal reflux disease, K57.30 for diverticulosis, E11.9 for type 2 diabetes and E10.9 for type 1 diabetes, C18.9 for colon cancer, C34.9 for lung cancer, C50.01 for breast cancer, C64.9 for renal cancer and C80.1 for malignancy.

    • ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay.

  • Table 2

    Vital sign, laboratory and discharge planning parameters of patients discharged following COVID-19 hospitalization based on subsequent 14-day readmission status

    Patients without 14-day readmissionPatients with 14-day readmissionP value
    Total81894
    Mean vital signs on discharge day
     Lowest systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)127.8130.20.07
     Lowest diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)72.972.20.4
     Highest heart rate (beats per minute)85.288.70.04
     Highest respiratory rate (breaths per minute)19.420.50.01
     Lowest recorded oxygen saturation (%)93950.14
     Highest temperature (°C)36.736.90.001
    Mean laboratory values on discharge day
     Serum sodium (mEq/L)138.2 (n=599)137.9 (n=72)0.49
     Serum potassium (mEq/L)3.9 (n=599)3.9 (n=72)0.06
     Platelet count (103/µL)315 (n=546)253 (n=68)<0.0001
     White cell count (109/µL)7.9 (n=544)8.6 (n=68)0.39
     Neutrophil percentage64.2 (n=387)71.7 (n=44)0.009
     Lymphocyte percentage24.1 (n=387)16.7 (n=44)0.004
    Mean last measured values during hospitalization
     D-dimer (ng/mL)1276 (n=730)1492 (n=66)0.22
     Procalcitonin (ng/mL)1.1 (n=742)1.13 (n=72)0.06
    Discharge planning and disposition characteristics, n (%)
     Discharge instructions complete766 (88.4)31 (32.9)<0.0001
     COVID-19-specific discharge instructions provided570 (65.8)34 (36.2)<0.0001
     Follow-up appointment made568 (58.3)30 (31.9)0.002
     Home oxygen arranged128 (14.8)3 (3.2)0.0001
     Discharged to facility142 (14.5)46 (50)<0.0001
  • Table 3

    Distribution of completeness of discharge instructions based on discharge disposition and subsequent 14-day readmission

    Discharged homeDischarged to facilityP value
    Discharge instructions complete, n (%)674 (93)123 (65.4)<0.00001
      Without 14-day readmission With 14-day readmission P value Without 14-day readmission With 14-day readmission P value
    Discharge instructions complete, n (%)623 (89.1)25 (96)0.2130 (80)19 (73)0.4
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Journal of Investigative Medicine: 70 (2)
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Retrospective evaluation of patients with and without 14-day readmissions following hospitalization for COVID-19
Kavitha Subramoney, Omar Elsheikh, Saira Butt, Daniel Romano, Lindsey Reese, Areeba Kara
Journal of Investigative Medicine Feb 2022, 70 (2) 449-452; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001986

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Retrospective evaluation of patients with and without 14-day readmissions following hospitalization for COVID-19
Kavitha Subramoney, Omar Elsheikh, Saira Butt, Daniel Romano, Lindsey Reese, Areeba Kara
Journal of Investigative Medicine Feb 2022, 70 (2) 449-452; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001986
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Retrospective evaluation of patients with and without 14-day readmissions following hospitalization for COVID-19
Kavitha Subramoney, Omar Elsheikh, Saira Butt, Daniel Romano, Lindsey Reese, Areeba Kara
Journal of Investigative Medicine Feb 2022, 70 (2) 449-452; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001986
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