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Exosome as a target for cancer treatment

Samira Nafar, Negar Nouri, Maedeh Alipour, Jafar Fallahi, Fateme Zare, Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei
DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002194 Published 22 June 2022
Samira Nafar
1 Department of Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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Negar Nouri
2 Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
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Maedeh Alipour
3 MSc of Hematology and Blood Bank, Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jafar Fallahi
4 Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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  • ORCID record for Jafar Fallahi
Fateme Zare
5 Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei
6 Maternal-fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Abstract

Exosomes are small vesicles covered by a lipid bilayer, ranging in size from 50 nm to 90 nm, secreted by different cell types in the body under normal and pathological conditions. They are surrounded by cell-segregated membrane complexes and play a role in the pathological and physiological environments of target cells by transfer of different molecules such as microRNA (miRNA). Exosomes have been detected in many body fluids, such as in the amniotic fluid, urine, breast milk, blood, saliva, ascites, semen, and bile. They include proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA, and miRNA, which have many functions in target cells under pathological and physiological conditions. They participate in pathological processes such as tumor growth and survival, autoimmunity, neurodegenerative disorders, infectious diseases, inflammation conditions, and others. Biomarkers in exosomes isolated from body fluids have allowed for a more precise and consistent diagnostic method than previous approaches. Exosomes can be used in a variety of intracellular functions, and with advances in molecular techniques they can be used in the treatment and diagnosis of many diseases, including cancer. These vesicles play a significant role in various stages of cancer. Tumor-derived exosomes have an important role in tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. In contrast, the use of stem cells in cancer treatment is a relatively new scientific area. We hope to address targeted use of miRNA-carrying exosomes in cancer therapy in this review paper.

Footnotes

  • Contributors SN, NN, MA, JF, and SMBT designed the study. SN, NN, and MA collected the data and drafted the manuscript. JF, SMBT, and FZ revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

  • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

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Vol 70 Issue 5 Table of Contents
Journal of Investigative Medicine: 70 (5)
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Exosome as a target for cancer treatment
Samira Nafar, Negar Nouri, Maedeh Alipour, Jafar Fallahi, Fateme Zare, Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei
Journal of Investigative Medicine Jun 2022, 70 (5) 1212-1218; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002194

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Exosome as a target for cancer treatment
Samira Nafar, Negar Nouri, Maedeh Alipour, Jafar Fallahi, Fateme Zare, Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei
Journal of Investigative Medicine Jun 2022, 70 (5) 1212-1218; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002194
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Exosome as a target for cancer treatment
Samira Nafar, Negar Nouri, Maedeh Alipour, Jafar Fallahi, Fateme Zare, Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei
Journal of Investigative Medicine Jun 2022, 70 (5) 1212-1218; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002194
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Biogenesis, secretion, and uptake of exosomes
    • Drug resistance
    • Immune suppression
    • Angiogenesis
    • Advantages of exosomes for drug delivery
    • Clinical use of exosomes
    • Cell-free therapy of cancer by stem cell exosomes
    • Conclusion
    • Ethics statements
    • Acknowledgments
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