Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Visit distribution during the three study periods.
Tables
- Table 1
Temporal trends in patient characteristics and patient visits
Factor 2019 (n=17,335) 2020 (n=13,339) 2021 (n=16,357) P value (overall) Age (years) (mean±SD) 57.9 ± 17.2*†table 55.5±17.6* 55.2±17.8† <0.001 Age ≥65 years, n (%) 6995 (40.1)*† 4648 (34.8)* 5755 (35.2)† <0.001 Sex, n (%) <0.001 Male 6692 (38.6)† 5229 (39.2)‡ 5994 (36.6)† Female 10,643 (61.4) 8110 (60.8) 10,363 (63.4) Race, n (%) <0.001 White 13,472 (77.8)*† 10,072 (75.6)*‡ 12 359 (75.6)†‡ Black 2362 (13.6) 2094 (15.7) 2345 (14.3) Hispanic 638 (3.7) 478 (3.6) 677 (4.1) Others 838 (4.8) 683 (5.1) 967 (5.9) Type of insurance, n (%) <0.001 Medicare 3879 (22.9)*† 2762 (21.2)*‡ 3033 (18.9)†‡ Medicaid and other public 2420 (14.3) 2348 (18) 2649 (16.5) Private 10,416 (61.6) 7805 (59.8) 10,195 (63.4) No insurance 203 (1.2) 136 (1) 200 (1.2) Median household income by zip code (by quartile), n (%) <0.001 Lowest 4107 (23.7)*† 3639 (27.3)*‡ 3879 (23.7)†‡ Second 4410 (25.4) 3334 (25) 4047 (24.7) Third 4557 (26.3) 3207 (24) 4082 (25) Highest 4260 (24.6) 3158 (23.7) 4348 (26.6) Employment status, n (%) <0.001 Employed 6518 (37.6)*† 5002 (37.6)*‡1,2 6582 (40.3)†‡ Unemployed 6847 (39.5) 5545 (41.7) 6350 (38.8) Retired 3718 (21.5) 2440 (18.4) 3039 (18.6) Unknown 248 (1.4) 307 (2.3) 381 (2.3) Type of visit, n (%) <0.001 In-person 17 247 (99.5)*† 3664 (27.3%)*‡ 12 522 (76.6%)†‡ Video 38 (0.2) 3029 (22.7%) 2856 (17.5%) Phone 50 (0.3) 6666 (50%) 979 (6%) Visit status, n (%) <0.001 Completed 16,600 (95.8)* 11,999 (90)* 14 664 (89.6)‡ Missed 751 (4.2) 1340 (10) 1693 (10.4) Marital status, n (%) <0.001 Married 8790 (50.7)*† 6272 (47)*‡ 7966 (48.7)†‡ Single 8305 (47.9) 6879 (51.6) 8175 (50) Unknown 239 (1.4) 188 (1.4) 216 (1.3) H/o tobacco use 1958 (11.4)*† 2094 (15.9)* 2607 (16.1)‡ <0.001 H/o alcohol use 6401 (38.6%)*† 5832 (45.5%)*‡ 8016 (50.9%)†‡ <0.001 H/o illicit drug use 579 (3.5)*† 747 (5.8)*‡ 1683 (10.7)†‡ <0.001 Primary language, n (%) <0.001 English 16,916 (97.6)*† 13,009 (97.5)*‡ 16,069 (98.2)†‡ Spanish 180 (1) 180 (1.3) 117 (0.7) Other languages 239 (1.4) 150 (1.1) 171 (1) Missing values: race=46; insurance=985.
*Significant difference between 2019 and 2020.
†Significant difference between 2020 and 2021.
‡Significant difference between 2019 and 2021.
H/o, history of.
- Table 2
Patient characteristics associated with video visits
Factor Video
(N=5352)Other visits
(N=37,911)P value Adjusted OR for video visits (95% CI) P value Age (years) (mean±SD) 51.8±17.3 57.3±17.4 <0.001 0.98 (0.98 to 0.98) for every 1 year increase in age <0.001 Age ≥65 years, n (%) 1462 (27.3) 14,798 (9) <0.001 Sex, n (%) Male 1972 (36.8) 14,487 (38.2) 0.054 Female 3380 (63.2) 23,424 (61.8) Race, n (%) <0.001 White 4265 (79.7) 29,167 (77) Reference Black 645 (12.1) 5348 (14.1) 0.9 (0.82 to 0.99) 0.048 Hispanic 128 (2.4) 1449 (3.8) 0.64 (0.53 to 0.78) <0.001 Others 310 (5.8) 1910 (5) 1.02 (0.89 to 1.17) 0.74 Type of insurance, n (%) Private 3616 (68.5) 22,845 (61.6) <0.001 Reference Medicare 834 (15.8) 8147 (22) 0.92 (0.84 to 1.01) 0.09 Medicaid and other public 775 (14.7) 5658 (15.3) 0.86 (0.78 to 0.94) 0.002 No insurance 57 (1.1%) 447 (1.2) 0.81 (0.61 to 1.08) 0.159 Median household income by zip code (by quartile), n (%) Lowest 1146 (21.4) 9160 (24.2) <0.001 Reference Second 1200 (22.4) 9498 (25.1) 0.95 (0.87 to 1.05) 0.37 Third 1541 (28.8) 9641 (25.4) 1.20 (1.09 to 1.32) <0.001 Highest 1464 (27.4) 9595 (25.83) 1.12 (1.02 to 1.23) 0.015 Employment status, n (%) Employed 1850 (34.6) 14,346 (37.9) <0.001 Reference Unemployed 2522 (47.1) 14,933 (39.4) 0.85 (0.79 to 0.92) <0.001 Retired 827 (15.5) 7882 (20.8) 0.97 (0.88 to 1.08) 0.64 Unknown 158 (2.8) 700 (1.8) 1.06 (0.84 to 1.33) 0.6 Marital status, n (%) Married 2608 (48.7) 18,855 (49.7) 0.38 Single 2668 (49.9) 18,538 (48.9) Others 76 (1.4) 517 (1.4) H/o tobacco use, n (%) 707 (13.5) 5196 (13.8) 0.52 H/o alcohol use, n (%) 2515 (49.5) 16,179 (44.4) <0.001 1.15 (1.08 to 1.22) <0.001 H/o illicit drug use, n (%) 390 (7.2) 2267 (6.2) <0.001 1.24 (1.10 to 1.40) <0.001 Primary language, n (%) English 5277 (98.6) 37,078 (97.8) 0.001 Reference Spanish 35 (0.7) 378 (1) 0.94 (0.64 to 1.37) 0.75 Other languages 40 (0.7) 455 (1.2) 0.7 (0.5 to 0.99) 0.049 - Table 3
Patient characteristics associated with telephone visits
Factor Telephone (N=6921) Other visits (N=36,324) P value Adjusted OR for telephone visits (95% CI) P value Age (years), mean±SD 56.1±17.2 56.6±17.5 0.03 1.0 (0.99 to 1.002) for every 1 year increase in age 0.76 Age ≥65 years, n (%) 2444 (35.3) 13,816 (38) <0.001 Sex, n (%) Male 2611 (37.7) 13,848 (38.1) 0.52 Female 4313 (62.3) 22,491 (61.9) Race, n (%) White 5299 (76.6) 28,133 (77.5) 0.002 Reference Black 1051 (15.2) 4642 (13.6) 0.96 (0.88 to 1.04) 0.36 Hispanic 241 (3.5) 1336 (3.7) 0.79 (0.68 to 0.92) 0.002 Others 327 (4.2) 1893 (5.2) 0.86 (0.76 to 0.98) 0.018 Type of insurance, n (%) Private 4010 (59.3) 22,451 (63) <0.001 Reference Medicaid and other public 1228 (18.2) 5205 (14.6) 1.13 (1.04 to 1.22) 0.003 Medicare 1448 (21.4) 7533 (21.2) 1.05 (0.97 to 1.12) 0.19 No insurance 78 (1.2) 426 (1.2) 1.08 (0.84 to 1.37) 0.57 Median household income by zip code (by quartile), n (%) Lowest 2020 (29.2) 8301 (22.85) <0.001 Reference Second 1696 (24.5) 9002 (24.8) 0.79 (0.73 to 0.86) <0.001 Third 1582 (22.8) 9600 (26.4) 0.72 (0.66 to 0.78) <0.001 Highest 1626 (23.5) 9433 (26) 0.76 (0.71 to 0.82) <0.001 Employment status, n (%) Employed 2467 (35.9) 14,401 (39.6) <0.001 Reference Unemployed 2965 (43.1) 13,818 (38) 1.17 (1.1 to 1.25) <0.001 Retired 1249 (18.2) 7460 (20.5) 0.97 (0.89 to 1.06) 0.58 Unknown 198 (2.9) 654 (1.8%) 1.47 (1.22 to 1.77) <0.001 Marital status Married 3293 (47.6) 18,170 (50) 0.001 Reference Single 3528 (51%) 17,678 (48.6) 1.02 (0.97 to 1.08) 0.44 Others 103 (1.5%) 490 (1.3) 1.08 (0.86 to 1.35) 0.51 H/o tobacco use 1086 (15.9) 4817 (13.4) <0.001 1.11 (1.03 to 1.2) 0.004 H/o alcohol use 2971 (44.85) 15 723 (45) 0.16 H/o illicit drug use 432 (6.5) 2225 (6.4) 0.84 Primary language English 6755 (97.6) 35,600 (98) 0.002 Reference Spanish 92 (1.3) 321 (0.9) 1.40 (1.08 to 1.81) 0.009 Other languages 77 (1.1) 418 (1.2) 0.89 (0.69 to 1.16) 0.4 - Table 4
Patient characteristics associated with in-person visits
Factor In-person visits (N=30,987) Other visits (N=12,276) P value Adjusted OR In-person visits (95% CI) P value Age (years), mean±SD 57.5±17.4 54.3±17.4 <0.001 1.01 (1.008 to 1.012) for every 1 year increase in age <0.001 Age ≥65 years, n (%) 12 354 (39.9) 3906 (31.8) <0.001 Sex, n (%) 0.055 Male 11,876 (38.3) 4583 (37.3) Female 19,111 (61.7) 7693 (62.7) Race, n (%) <0.001 White 23,868 (77.1) 9564 (78) Reference Black 4297 (13.9) 1696 (13.8) 1.08 (1.008 to 1.15) 0.029 Hispanic 1208 (3.9) 369 (3.0) 1.43 (1.26 to 1.63) <0.001 Others 1583 (5.1) 637 (5.2) 1.09 (0.98 to 1.21) 0.093 Type of insurance Private 18,835 (62.1) 7626 (63.3) <0.001 Reference Medicare 6699 (22.1) 2282 (18.9) 1.001 (0.94 to 1.06) 0.96 Medicaid and other public 4430 (14.6) 2003 (16.6) 0.99 (0.93 to 1.06) 0.87 No insurance 369 (1.2) 135 (1.1) 1.07 (0.88 to 1.31) 0.5 Median household Income by zip code (by quartile), n (%) Lowest 7155 (23.1) 3166 (25.8) <0.001 Reference Second 7802 (25.2) 2896 (23.6) 1.19 (1.11 to 1.27) <0.001 Third 8059 (26) 3123 (25.4) 1.13 (1.06 to 1.21) <0.001 Highest 7969 (25.7) 3090 (25.2) 1.14 (1.07 to 1.22) <0.001 Employment status, n (%) Employed 11,879 (38.3) 4989 (40.8) <0.001 Reference Unemployed 11,968 (38.6) 4815 (39.4) 0.96 (0.91 to 1.02) 0.19 Retired 6633 (21.4) 2076 (17) 1.03 (0.96 to 1.11) 0.35 Unknown 502 (1.6) 350 (2.9) 0.74 (0.62 to 0.87) <0.001 Marital status Married 15,562 (50.2) 5901 (48.1) <0.001 Reference Single 15,010 (48.4) 6196 (50.5) 0.94 (0.90 to 0.98) 0.012 Others 414 (1.3) 179 (1.5) 0.88 (0.73 to 1.07) 0.21 H/o tobacco use 4110 (13.3) 1793 (14.9) <0.001 0.93 (0.86 to 0.99) 0.041 H/o alcohol use 13,208 (44.3) 5486 (46.9) <0.001 0.89 (0.86 to 0.94) <0.001 H/o illicit drug use 1835 (6.1) 822 (7) <0.001 0.94 (0.86 to 1.03) 0.24 Primary language English 30,323 (97.9) 12,032 (98) 0.036 Reference Spanish 286 (0.9) 127 (1) 0.73 (0.58 to 0.93) 0.01 Other languages 378 (1.2) 117 (1) 1.26 (1.005 to 1.58) 0.045 - Table 5
Patient characteristics associated with missed visits
Factor Missed
(N=3768)Completed (N=43,263) P value Adjusted OR for
missed visits (95% CI)P value Age (years), mean±SD 52.9±17.8 56.6±17.5 <0.001 0.99 (0.98 to 0.99) for every 1 year increase in age <0.001 Age ≥65 years, n (%) 1098 (29.1) 16,260 (37.6) <0.001 Sex, n (%) 0.46 Male 1456 (38.6) 16,459 (38) Female 2312 (61.4) 26,804 (62) Race, n (%) <0.001 White 2471 (65.7) 33,432 (77.3) Reference Black 808 (21.5) 5993 (13.9) 1.42 (1.29 to 1.57) <0.001 Hispanic 216 (5.7%) 1577 (3.6) 1.34 (1.13 to 1.57) <0.001 Others 268 (7.1%) 2220 (5.1) 1.44 (1.25 to 1.66) <0.001 Type of insurance, n (%) Private 1955 (53.3) 26 461 (62.4) <0.001 Reference Medicare 693 (18.9) 8981 (21.2) 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) 0.29 Medicaid and other public 984 (26.8) 6433 (15.2) 1.35 (1.23 to 1.48) <0.001 No insurance 35 (1) 504 (1.2) 1.04 (0.73 to 1.47) 0.81 Median household income by zip code (by quartile), n (%) Lowest 1304 (34.6) 10,321 (23.9) <0.001 Reference Second 1093 (29) 10,698 (24.7) 1.02 (0.92 to 1.12) 0.64 Third 664 (17.6) 11,182 (25.8%) 0.64 (0.58 to 0.72) <0.001 Highest 707 (18.8%) 11,059 (25.6%) 0.71 (0.63 to 0.79) <0.001 Employment status, n (%) Employed 1234 (32.8) 16,868 (39) <0.001 Reference Unemployed 1959 (52) 16.783 (38.8) 1.45 (1.33 to 1.58) <0.001 Retired 488 (13) 8709 (20.2) 0.99 (0.88 to 1.13) 0.99 Unknown 84 (2.2) 852 (2) 0.98 (0.73 to 1.30) 0.88 Marital status Married 1565 (41.5) 21,463 (49.6) <0.001 Reference Single 2153 (57.1) 21,206 (49) 1.09 (1.01 to 1.17) 0.023 Others 50 (1.3) 593 (1.4) 0.94 (0.68 to 1.29) 0.71 H/o tobacco use 756 (20.4) 5903 (13.8) <0.001 1.23 (1.12 to 1.35) <0.001 H/o alcohol use 1555 (43.2) 18,694 (45) 0.074 H/o illicit drug use 352 (9.7) 2657 (6.4) <0.001 1.14 (1.01 to 1.29) 0.03 Primary language English 3639 (96.6) 42 355 (97.9) <0.001 Reference Spanish 64 (1.7%) 413 (1.0) 1.20 (0.89 to 1.63) 0.21 Other 65 (1.7) 495 (1.1) 1.37 (1.03 to 1.82) 0.028
Vol 70 Issue 8
Table of Contents
