Article Figures & Data
- Figure 1
CKD was associated with higher pulse pressure, lower cardiac index, and higher peripheral resistance. Dot plots show the individual data points for BNP (A), NT-pro-BNP (B), systolic blood pressure (C), diastolic blood pressure (D), pulse pressure (E), ECW/total body weight (F), cardiac index (G), and TPRI (H). BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ECW, extracellular water; NT-pro-BNP, amino terminal pro-BNP; TPRI, total peripheral resistance index.
- Figure 2
BNP and NT-pro-BNP were associated with cardiovascular parameters. Scatter plots show the linear associations of BNP with pulse pressure (A), cardiac index (B), and TPRI (C) and of NT-pro-BNP with pulse pressure (D) and cardiac index (E). Natriuretic peptides and blood pressure values were measured the same day as the available cardiac index and total peripheral resistance index measurement for each participant. BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NT-pro-BNP, amino terminal pro-BNP; TPRI, total peripheral resistance index. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.
- Figure 3
Higher systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and higher peripheral resistance may be associated with multiple patient-reported symptoms. In an exploratory analysis, the heat map represents correlations seen between symptom scores and cardiovascular parameters, with bright red representing the strongest positive correlations and bright blue representing the strongest negative correlations. Pale red and pale blue represent weaker correlations, and gray represents correlations near zero. Patient-reported symptoms, ECW/total body weight, and blood pressure were measured the same day as the available cardiac index and total peripheral resistance index measurement for each participant. CKD, chronic kidney disease; ECW, extracellular water; FACIT-F, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue; KDQOL, Kidney Disease Health Related Quality of Life-Short Form 36; QIDS-SR16, 16-item Self-Reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology; TPRI, total peripheral resistance index.
- Figure 4
Repeated measurements of natriuretic peptides and extracellular volume were consistent over time. BNP (A), NT-pro-BNP (B), and ECW/total body weight (C) were consistent within participants from baseline to follow-up 4 weeks later. BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ECW, extracellular water; NT-pro-BNP, amino terminal pro-BNP.
- Table 1
Baseline characteristics by CKD status
Variable description, median (IQR) or N (%) Non-CKD
N=8CKD
N=13P value Estimated GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 92 (84–99) 40 (35–57) <0.001 Age, years 56.5 (48.0–72.5) 70.0 (58.5–75.0) 0.38 Race 0.67 Black 4 (50.0) 8 (61.5) White 4 (50.0) 5 (38.5) Hispanic ethnicity 1 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 0.38 Diabetes 3 (37.5) 8 (61.5) 0.39 Hypertension 8 (100.0) 13 (100.0) N/A Hyperlipidemia 5 (62.5) 12 (92.3) 0.25 Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction 0 (0.0) 2 (15.4) 0.51 Peripheral vascular disease 1 (12.5) 3 (23.1) 1.00 Depression 5 (62.5) 5 (38.5) 0.39 Tobacco use Any history of tobacco use 5 (62.5) 9 (69.2) 1.00 Current tobacco use 2 (25.0) 5 (38.5) 0.66 Body weight, kg 104.5 (76.8–112.7) 90.6 (71.6–125.3) 1.00 Edema on physical examination 2 (25.0) 9 (69.2) 0.08 .CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; N/A, not applicable.
- Table 2
Baseline symptom scores by CKD status
Variable description, median (IQR) Non-CKD
N=8CKD
N=13P value Dyspnea* 0.0 (0.0–2.4) 1.0 (0.0–5.0) 0.39 Fatigue† 24.0 (18.0–43.0) 28.0 (24.0–43.0) 0.38 Depression‡ 6.0 (3.0–12.5) 8.0 (3.5–13.0) 0.49 Quality of life§ Symptom burden 73.9 (57.8–90.3) 65.9 (52.3–77.3) 0.29 Effect of CKD 98.4 (73.4–100.0) 93.8 (53.1–100.0) 0.30 Burden of CKD 100.0 (70.3–100.0) 75 (21.9–84.4) 0.05 Work 50.0 (0.0–100.0) 50.0 (0.0–100.0) 0.70 Cognitive function 76.7 (53.3–96.7) 80.0 (26.7–93.3) 0.51 Social 73.3 (51.7–86.7) 66.7 (36.7–93.3) 0.94 Sex 37.5 (28.1–84.4) 93.8 (40.6–100.0) 0.45 Sleep 66.3 (40.6–71.9) 57.5 (37.5–72.5) 0.66 Social support 66.7 (33.3–83.3) 50.0 (41.7–100.0) 0.80 Physical functioning 42.5 (22.5–83.8) 45.0 (17.5–70.0) 0.80 Role physical 12.5 (0.0–93.8) 0.0 (0.0–100.0) 1.00 Pain 45.0 (22.5–56.9) 32.5 (22.5–67.5) 0.94 General health 47.5 (36.3–67.5) 30.0 (22.5–57.5) 0.17 Emotional 69.0 (57.0–82.0) 64.0 (44.0–86.0) 0.54 Role emotional 66.7 (0.0–100.0) 66.7 (0.0–100.0) 0.69 Social functioning 50.0 (50.0–87.5) 50.0 (37.5–100.0) 0.80 Fatigue 37.5 (16.2–67.5) 40.0 (30.0–72.5) 0.47 *Measured using the dyspnea visual analog scale, range 0–10. Higher scores indicate more severe dyspnea.
†Measured using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, range 0–52. Higher scores indicate less severe fatigue.
‡Measured using the 16-item Self-Reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, range 0–48. Higher scores indicate more severe depression.
§Measured using the Kidney Disease Health Related Quality of Life-Short Form 36, range 0–100. Higher scores indicate more favorable quality of life.
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