RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Recent findings on hyperprolactinemia and its pathological implications: a literature review
JF Journal of Investigative Medicine
JO J Investig Med
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
SP jim-2022-002351
DO 10.1136/jim-2022-002351
A1 Zohreh al-sadat Ghoreshi
A1 Hamed Akbari
A1 Mohsen Sharif-zak
A1 Nasir Arefinia
A1 Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi
A1 Gholamreza Asadikaram
YR 2022
UL http://hw-f5-jim.highwire.org/content/early/2022/06/29/jim-2022-002351.abstract
AB The prolactin hormone (PRL) is often secreted by lactotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary and has been shown to play a role in various biological processes, including breast feeding and reproduction. The predominant form of this hormone is the 23 kDa form and acts through its receptor (PRLR) on the cell membrane. This receptor is a member of the superfamily of hematopoietic/cytokine receptors. PRL also has a 16 kDa subunit with anti-angiogenic, proapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects which is produced by the proteolytic breakdown of this hormone under oxidative stress. Although the common side effects of hyperprolactinemia are exerted on the reproductive system, new studies have shown that hyperprolactinemia has a wide variety of effects, including playing a role in the development of autoimmune diseases and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and diabetes among others. The range of PRL functions is increasing with the discovery of multiple sites of PRL secretion as well as PRLR expression in various tissues. This review summarizes current knowledge of the biology of PRL and its receptor, as well as the role of PRL in human pathophysiology.