RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in patients with end-stage renal disease: prevalence, risk factors, and mortality JF Journal of Investigative Medicine JO J Investig Med FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd SP jim-2022-002462 DO 10.1136/jim-2022-002462 A1 Eszter Toth A1 Jennifer L Waller A1 Wendy B Bollag A1 Budder Siddiqui A1 Azeem Mohammed A1 Mufaddal Kheda A1 Sandeep Padala A1 Lufei Young A1 Stephanie L Baer A1 Sarah Tran YR 2022 UL http://hw-f5-jim.highwire.org/content/early/2022/10/06/jim-2022-002462.abstract AB Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease has increased in prevalence in the USA, however, little is known on NTM in the population with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Thus, we investigated patients with ESRD to determine risk factors for NTM disease and mortality. We queried the United States Renal Data System from 2005 to 2015 using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9/ICD-10 codes to identify NTM and risk factors. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of risk factors with NTM and Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the association of NTM with mortality. Of 1,068,634 included subjects, 3232 (0.3%) individuals were identified with any NTM diagnosis. Hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis (OR=0.10, 95% CI=0.08 to 0.13) was protective for NTM, whereas black (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.18 to 1.37) or other race compared with white race (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.21 to 1.59) increased the risk of NTM. HIV (OR=15.71, 95% CI=14.24 to 17.33), history of any transplant (OR=4.25, 95% CI=3.93 to 4.60), kidney transplant (OR=3.00, 95% CI=2.75 to 3.27), diabetes (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.23 to 1.43), rheumatologic disease (OR=1.92, 95% CI=1.77 to 2.08), and liver disease (OR=2.09, 95% CI=1.91 to 2.30) were associated with increased risk for NTM diagnosis. In multivariable analysis, there was a significant increase in mortality with any NTM diagnosis (HR=1.83, 95% CI=1.76 to 1.91, p≤0.0001). Controlling for relevant demographic and clinical risk factors, there was an increased risk of mortality associated with any diagnosis of NTM. Early diagnosis and treatment of NTM infection may improve survival in patients with ESRD.Data are available on reasonable request. The data underlying this article are available in the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) database, at https://www.usrds.org/for-researchers/simple-data-requests/ and can be accessed by submitting a Simple Data Request form.