Univariate and multivariate analysis of the association between hemoglobin and trace element concentrations
| Non-CKD | CKD | |||
| Univariate | Multivariate* | Univariate | Multivariate† | |
| β±SE | β±SE | β±SE | β±SE | |
| Trace elements | ||||
| Serum iron (μg/dL) | 0.01±0.001 | 0.005±0.94 | 0.01±0.001 | – |
| Serum zinc (μg/dL) | 0.02±0.002 | 0.009±0.002 | 0.02±0.01 | – |
| Serum copper, total (μg/dL) | −0.02±0.001 | −0.002±0.001 | −0.02±0.001 | −0.008±0.003 |
| Blood cadmium (μg/L) | 0.14±0.05 | 0.33±0.05 | 0.41±0.18 | 0.57±0.21 |
| Serum selenium (μg/L) | 0.01±0.001 | 0.002±0.001 | 0.02±0.001 | 0.007±0.003 |
| Blood manganese (μg/L) | −0.06±0.01 | 0.02±0.01 | 0.05±0.04 | – |
Numbers in bold indicate significant difference (p<0.05).
*Model was adjusted for sex, race, BMI, MCV, RDW, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease/myocardial infarction, and cigarette smoking.
†Model was adjusted for sex, race, BMI, MCV, RDW, and congestive heart failure.
β, coefficient; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; MCV, mean cell volume; RDW, red cell distribution width.