Comparison between moderate and high cardiovascular risk categories
| Variables | Moderate | P value | High* | P value | ||
| Female | Male | Female | Male | |||
| n=350 | n=279 | n=223 | n=327 | |||
| Age (y) | 72±3.5 | 69±2.9 | <0.001 | 84±4.9 | 80±5.7 | <0.001 |
| Residence, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.04 | ||||
| Rural | 91 (26) | 128 (45.9) | 54 (24.2) | 106 (32.4) | ||
| Urban | 259 (74) | 151 (54.1) | 169 (75.8) | 221 (67.6) | ||
| Race, n (%) | 0.04 | |||||
| White | 44 (12.6) | 32 (11.5) | <0.001 | 50 (22.4) | 36 (11) | |
| Indigenous | 25 (7.1) | 35 (12.5) | 10 (4.5) | 21 (6.4) | ||
| Mixed | 237 (67.7) | 176 (63.1) | 132 (59.2) | 227 (69.4) | ||
| Black (Afro-Ecuadorians) | 10 (2.8) | 10 (3.6) | 9 (4) | 9 (2.7) | ||
| Mulatto | 10 (2.8) | 10 (3.6) | 9 (4) | 11 (3.4) | ||
| Education, n (%) | 0.05 | 0.04 | ||||
| No schooling | 5 (1.4) | 7 (2.5) | 7 (3.1) | 4 (1.2) | ||
| Primary (≤6 y) | 219 (62.6) | 193 (69.2) | 120 (53.8) | 218 (66.7) | ||
| Secondary (7–12 y) | 36 (10.3) | 19 (6.8) | 18 (8.1) | 18 (5.5) | ||
| Tertiary (≥13 y) | 6 (1.7) | 13 (4.6) | 2 (0.8) | 9 (2.7) | ||
| Self-assessed health status, n (%) | <0.01 | 0.2 | ||||
| Poor | 85 (24.3) | 52 (18.6) | 46 (20.6) | 58 (17.7) | ||
| Fair | 206 (58.8) | 145 (52) | 134 (60.1) | 181 (55.3) | ||
| Good | 54 (15.4) | 69 (24.7) | 38 (17) | 71 (21.7) | ||
| Very good | 4 (1.1) | 10 (3.6) | 4 (1.8) | 9 (2.7) | ||
| Excellent | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (0.5) | 7 (2.1) | ||
| Living arrangements, n (%) | 1 | 0.6 | ||||
| Accompanied | 314 (89.7) | 251 (90) | 195 (87.4) | 291 (89) | ||
| Alone | 36 (10.3) | 28 (10) | 28 (12.6) | 36 (11) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus†, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.1 | ||||
| Yes | 63 (18) | 13 (4.6) | 35 (15.7) | 36 (11) | ||
| Smoking | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 11 (3.1) | 31 (11.1) | 8 (3.6) | 79 (24.1) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 141±23 | 132±18 | <0.001 | 147±25.1 | 142±24.8 | 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2)‡ | 27.2±4.7 | 25.1±4.1 | <0.001 | 26±4.5 | 24.8±3.9 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 209.4±46.3 | 192.8±36.5 | <0.001 | 204.8±43.3 | 190±39 | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol§ (mg/dL) | 45 (37–54) | 46 (40–56) | 0.08 | 51±14.3 | 45±13.3 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol§ (mg/dL) | 116 (99–146) | 114 (93–136) | 0.01 | 120.5±32.6 | 115.7±32 | 0.09 |
| Triglycerides§ (mg/dL) | 152 (108–228) | 130 (92–178) | <0.001 | 126 (94–174) | 142 (105–183) | 0.01 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 2.6 (1.4–5.20) | 1.6 (0.8–3.9) | <0.001 | 2.5 (1.3–5.8) | 2.5 (1.3–5.1) | 0.7 |
Plus-minus values are means±SD. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to missing data or rounding.
*Includes individuals with high and veryhighrisk categories of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a 5-year period.
†The presence of diabetes was based on a fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dL.
‡The body mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
§Expressed as median (25%–75%), because of skewed distribution.
BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.