Multistate model for surgery, death and death after surgery
| Variables | Surgery | Death | Death after surgery |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Diabetic status (reference=non-diabetic) | |||
| Diabetic no metformin | 0.740 (0.706 to 0.776) | 1.024 (1.004 to 1.045) | 1.086 (1.013 to 1.165) |
| Diabetic with metformin | 0.770 (0.730 to 0.813) | 0.877 (0.855 to 0.899) | 0.934 (0.855 to 1.021) |
| Diabetic with metformin after 10 y | 1.177 (1.092 to 1.270) | 1.307 (1.055 to 1.620) | |
| Age | 0.960 (0.957 to 0.963) | 1.046 (1.045 to 1.047) | 1.030 (1.026 to 1.035) |
| Race (reference=White) | |||
| Black | 1.059 (0.987 to 1.137) | 0.877 (0.844 to 0.910) | 0.953 (0.852 to 1.066) |
| Other/unknown | 0.497 (0.455 to 0.542) | 1.427 (1.391 to 1.465) | 1.333 (1.180 to 1.505) |
| Charlson comorbidity | 0.941 (0.931 to 0.952) | 1.167 (1.161 to 1.173) | 1.105 (1.084 to 1.126) |
| Pure hypercholesterolemia | 1.078 (1.015 to 1.144) | 0.899 (0.874 to 0.925) | 0.955 (0.873 to 1.044) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.050 (1.006 to 1.095) | 0.875 (0.858 to 0.892) | 0.916 (0.857 to 0.979) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 1.258 (1.181 to 1.340) | 0.892 (0.864 to 0.922) | 0.795 (0.712 to 0.889) |
| Hypertension | 1.022 (0.970 to 1.076) | 0.993 (0.971 to 1.016) | 1.110 (1.027 to 1.200) |
| Smoking | 1.413 (1.352 to 1.477) | 1.180 (1.153 to 1.207) | 1.069 (0.998 to 1.144) |
| BMI (reference=18.5–24.9 normal) | |||
| <18.5 | 1.093 (0.814 to 1.467) | 1.796 (1.598 to 2.018) | 1.354 (0.867 to 2.113) |
| 25–29.9 | 1.112 (1.044 to 1.185) | 0.764 (0.744 to 0.784) | 0.805 (0.733 to 0.883) |
| 30+ | 1.030 (0.967 to 1.097) | 0.705 (0.687 to 0.723) | 0.802 (0.732 to 0.879) |
| Missing | 0.899 (0.625 to 1.291) | 1.269 (1.125 to 1.432) | 0.840 (0.543 to 1.300) |
| Index year | 0.914 (0.909 to 0.918) | 0.938 (0.935 to 0.940) | 0.910 (0.903 to 0.918) |
BMI, body mass index.