Baseline demographic and comorbid characteristics
| Variable | Diabetes | Non-diabetes n=56,006 | Standardized difference | |
| No metformin n=43,073 | Metformin exposed n=24,361 | |||
| Race | ||||
| Black | 3882 (9.01%) | 1943 (7.98%) | 4050 (7.23%) | 0.077 |
| Other/unknown | 4905 (11.39%) | 2290 (9.4%) | 5671 (10.13%) | |
| White | 34,286 (79.6%) | 20,128 (82.62%) | 46,285 (82.64%) | |
| Age (mean, SD) | 72.27 (7.85) | 69.65 (7.15) | 70.36 (7.95) | 0.349 |
| Charlson comorbidity (mean, SD) | 2.83 (2.25) | 2.67 (1.91) | 2.02 (2.03) | 0.377 |
| Pure hypercholesterolemia | 4515 (10.48%) | 2724 (11.18%) | 6177 (11.03%) | 0.032 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 24,594 (57.1%) | 15,716 (64.51%) | 34,153 (60.98%) | 0.164 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 3957 (9.19%) | 2760 (11.33%) | 5048 (9.01%) | 0.066 |
| Hypertension | 33,885 (78.67%) | 20,030 (82.22%) | 44,745 (79.89%) | 0.076 |
| Smoking | 9820 (22.8%) | 6559 (26.92%) | 14,979 (26.75%) | 0.093 |
| BMI | ||||
| <18.5 | 332 (0.77%) | 115 (0.47%) | 279 (0.5%) | 0.140 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 7106 (16.5%) | 2959 (12.15%) | 8334 (14.88%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 15,695 (36.44%) | 8242 (33.83%) | 21,053 (37.59%) | |
| 30+ | 19,660 (45.64%) | 12,946 (53.14%) | 26,118 (46.63%) | |
| Missing | 280 (0.65%) | 99 (0.41%) | 222 (0.4%) | |
| Metformin MPR*100 (mean, SD) HbA1c (mean, SD) | – (–) | 64.7 (31.5) | – (–) | |
| 6.67 (1.2) | 7.14 (1.3) | – (–) | <0.001 | |
| Index year (mean, SD) | 2010.42 (5) | 2010.75 (4.36) | 2010.31 (4.6) | 0.098 |
BMI, body mass index; MPR, medication possession ratio.