Intervention studies to improve childhood vaccinations
| Author, year, location | Subject population | Control cohort | Intervention cohort | Reminder intervention | Vaccination rate before intervention vs after intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Szilagyi, P. 2002, Monroe County, NY | Inner City (n= 1653), 64% Medicaid, 79% African American and Hispanic; Rest of City (n=938), 38% Medicaid, 52% African American and Hispanic; Suburbs (n= 598), 8% Medicaid, 10% African American and Hispanic | 1993 historical control | 1996 early phase intervention; 1999 main intervention | Community wide phone calls, postcards, home visits in 10 practices | 1993 vs 1999 Inner City: 55% vs. 84%*; Rest of City: 64% vs 81%*; Suburbs: 73% vs 88%* 1996 vs 1999 decrease in disparity: White vs black: 12% to 8%*; White vs Hispanic: 11% to 5%* |
| Wood, D. 1998, Los Angeles, CA | Mother-infant pairs (n=419), 100% Medicaid, 100% African American | Patients with Health Passport that included the vaccination record (n=210) | Health passport with vaccination record, and case management (n=209) | Case manager home visits 2 weeks prior to immunization date | 50.6% vs 63.8%* |
| Hoekstra, E. 1998, Chicago, IL | Children (n=16581) whose mothers have WIC; insurance type not described, 80% African American or Hispanic | 1996 historical control: no voucher incentives and monitoring | 1997: Voucher incentives and monitoring | Voucher incentives that were issued to cover 3 months | 56% vs 89%* |
| Vora, S. 2009, Chicago, IL | Mother-infant pairs (n=400), 81% Medicaid, 100% African American | 2001 and 2002 historical control | BIRTH PIP | Phone calls, mail, home visits | 49% vs 92%* |
| Ahlers-Schmidt, C. 2012, Wichita, KS | Pediatric patients (n=90), 59% public insurance, 16% African American | Patients received appointment reminder card (n=40) | Patients received appointment reminder card and text reminders (n=50) | Text reminders 7 days prior to immunization date | 2 months: 80% vs 100%; 4 months: 70% vs 89%; 6 months: 68% vs 79% 40% of patients in intervention group were lost to follow up due to disconnected phone service. |
*p < 0.05; WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children); BIRTH PIP (At birth pediatric immunization program).