Clinical outcomes of IE with and without heart block, with adjusted OR
| In-hospital outcomes | IE without heart block | IE with heart block | a-OR |
| In-hospital death (%) | 10.3 | 13.0 | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) |
| Stroke (%) | 13.7 | 17.2 | 1.32 (1.10–1.59) |
| Acute kidney injury (%) | 32.6 | 40.1 | 1.36 (1.18–1.57) |
| Aortic valve replacement (%) | 6.1 | 25.7 | 5.09 (4.30–6.02) |
| Mitral valve replacement (%) | 4.2 | 17.3 | 4.70 (3.87–5.70) |
| New dialysis (%) | 14.8 | 16.6 | 1.15 (0.96–1.39) |
| Pacemaker implantation (%) | 0.9 | 30.6 | 48.55 (39.14–60.24) |
| Cardiogenic shock (%) | 3.2 | 8.9 | 2.81 (2.19–3.60) |
| Cardiac arrest (%) | 2.2 | 7.4 | 3.48 (2.64–4.57) |
| Hematologic complications (%) | 15.2 | 19.3 | 1.33 (1.12–1.59) |
| Hepatic complications (%) | 3.95 | 5.2 | 1.40 (1.03–1.91) |
| Metabolic acidosis (%) | 11.7 | 15.6 | 1.41 (1.16–1.70) |
| Vascular complications (%) | 2.1 | 4.7 | 2.26 (1.62–3.15) |
| Unplanned vascular surgery (%) | 1.3 | 4.4 | 3.54 (2.49–5.03) |
| Cardiac tamponade (%) | 0.5 | 1.2 | 2.20 (1.14–4.25) |
| Acquired pneumonia (%) | 14.4 | 13.5 | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) |
| Sepsis (%) | 44.6 | 40.0 | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) |
| Tracheostomy (%) | 2.3 | 3.1 | 1.46 (0.98–2.17) |
| Gastrostomy (%) | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.78 (0.45–1.33) |
| Length of stay | 13.8±15.4 | 18.9±16.8 | 2.23 (1.95–2.56)* |
| Mean cost | $146,769±$223,559 | $274,481±$282,573 | 3.52 (3.05–4.05)† |
Adjusted for age, gender, payor, atrial fibrillation, and peripheral artery disease.
*Predicting length of stay greater than 2 weeks.
†Predicting cost greater than $150,000.
a-OR, adjusted OR; IE, infective endocarditis.