Characteristics of study subjects according to HGI
| Variables | HGI≤0 | HGI>0 | P value |
| n | 495 | 886 | |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 98.5±15.3 | 95.0±13.3 | <0.001 |
| Predicted HbA1c (%) | 5.8±0.4 | 5.7±0.4 | <0.001 |
| Observed HbA1c (%) | 5.5±0.5 | 6.1±0.5 | <0.001 |
| HGI (%) | −0.3±0.3 | 0.4±0.4 | <0.001 |
| Age (y) | 59.8±11.7 | 60.9±11.5 | 0.108 |
| Male, n (%) | 413 (83.4) | 723 (81.6) | 0.393 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.8±3.5 | 26.3±3.6 | 0.013 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 90.2±9.2 | 91.1±8.7 | 0.056 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 72 (14.5) | 161 (18.2) | 0.084 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 126±17 | 128±18 | 0.107 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74±10 | 74±11 | 0.733 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 139±15 | 139±15 | 0.695 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180±39 | 186±40 | 0.011 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 117±61 | 118±53 | 0.638 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46.9±12.7 | 46.0±12.3 | 0.247 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 142±97 | 156±114 | 0.035 |
| OGTT results, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Normal glucose tolerance | 211 (42.6) | 373 (42.1) | |
| Isolated IFG | 59 (11.9) | 39 (4.4) | |
| Combined IFG and IGT | 45 (9.1) | 94 (10.6) | |
| Isolated IGT | 105 (21.2) | 228 (25.7) | |
| Newly diagnosed diabetes | 75 (15.2) | 152 (17.2) |
Values are mean±SD or n (%).
HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HGI, hemoglobin glycation index; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.