The clinical characteristics and outcomes between the survival and non-survival groups
| Total (n=8818) | Survival (n=8344) | Non-survival (n=474) | P value | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (M (IQR), years old) | 1.5 (4.4) | 1.5 (4.4) | 1.2 (4.0) | 0.037 |
| Gender (boy/girl, n) | 4945/3873 | 4649/3695 | 296/178 | 0.004 |
| Diagnosis of disease (n (%)) | ||||
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 990 (11.2%) | 897 (10.8%) | 93 (19.6%) | <0.001 |
| Diseases of the nervous system | 715 (8.1%) | 667 (8.0%) | 48 (10.1%) | 0.098 |
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 726 (8.2%) | 680 (8.1%) | 46 (9.7%) | 0.231 |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 768 (8.7%) | 748 (9.0%) | 20 (4.2%) | <0.001 |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system | 360 (4.1%) | 356 (4.3%) | 4 (0.8%) | <0.001 |
| Neoplasms | 467 (5.3%) | 427 (5.1%) | 40 (8.4%) | 0.002 |
| Surgical treatment | 4998 (56.7%) | 4955 (59.4%) | 43 (9.1%) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory values (M (IQR)) | ||||
| WBC (*109/L) | 9.0 (5.1) | 9.0 (5.1) | 10.0 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| N (%) | 43.4 (36.0) | 42.5 (36.0) | 57.5 (37.0) | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/L) | 116.0 (24.0) | 116.0 (25.0) | 107.0 (33.0) | <0.001 |
| PLT (*109/L) | 317.0 (165) | 320 (160) | 234 (235) | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 6.0 (20.0) | 6.0 (19.0) | 10.0 (38.3) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 21.0 (22.0) | 21.0 (20.0) | 34.0 (81.0) | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 40.0 (33.0) | 39.0 (30.0) | 69.5 (173.0) | <0.001 |
| ALB (g/L) | 42.0 (8.0) | 42.0 (7.1) | 36.0 (11.0) | <0.001 |
| DB (mg/L) | 1.9 (2.3) | 1.9 (2.2) | 3.2 (6.6) | <0.001 |
| IB (mg/L) | 5.5 (5.4) | 5.5 (5.2) | 4.9 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| LDH (U/L) | 307.0 (166.0) | 303.0 (154.0) | 522.0 (682) | <0.001 |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 31.0 (23.0) | 31.0 (22.0) | 35.0 (54.0) | 0.002 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.9 (1.0) | 0.002 |
| Na+ (mmol/L) | 136.0 (5.0) | 136.0 (5.0) | 137.0 (8.0) | 0.028 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 3.7 (2.3) | 3.7 (2.3) | 4.5 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Scr (μmoI/L) | 42.6 (16.0) | 42.0 (15.0) | 46.0 (29.0) | <0.001 |
| Arterial PH | 7.4 (0.04) | 7.4 (0.03) | 7.4 (0.14) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.7 (1.9) | 5.7 (1.8) | 6.2 (4.1) | <0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.6 (1.5) | 1.6 (1.4) | 2.8 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Pediatric Critical Illness Score | 94.0 (7.0) | 94.0 (7.0) | 87.0 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Length of PICU stay (days) | 1.9 (5.0) | 1.8 (4.6) | 5.5 (15.3) | <0.001 |
ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB; CRP, C reactive protein; DB, direct bilirubin; Hb, hemoglobin; IB, indirect bilirubin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; N, neutrophil ratio; PH, potential of hydrogen; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; PLT, platelet; Scr, serum creatinine; WBC, white blood cell.