Patient and hospital characteristics of hospitalizations with DKA
| Variable | Overall | Type 1 DM, % | Type 2 DM, % | P value |
| n=245,170 | n=225,495 (92.0) | n=19,675 (8.0) | ||
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (y) | 34.4 | 51.1 | <0.001 | |
| Women | 51.5 | 46.5 | <0.001 | |
| Racial distribution | <0.001 | |||
| White | 59.6 | 60.6 | 47.4 | |
| Black | 23.0 | 22.5 | 29.3 | |
| Hispanic | 10.2 | 9.7 | 15.2 | |
| Others | 7.2 | 7.2 | 8.1 | |
| Insurance type | <0.001 | |||
| Medicaid | 19.0 | 17.7 | 33.9 | |
| Medicare | 39.7 | 40.7 | 27.6 | |
| Private | 28.5 | 28.8 | 25.2 | |
| Uninsured | 12.8 | 12.8 | 13.3 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 53.6 | 54.1 | 47.2 | |
| 2 | 25.7 | 25.9 | 23.4 | |
| ≥3 | 20.7 | 20.0 | 29.4 | |
| Median annual income in patient’s zip code, US$* | <0.001 | |||
| 1–43,999 | 38.1 | 37.7 | 42.1 | |
| 44,000–55,999 | 27.7 | 27.9 | 25.6 | |
| 56,000–73,999 | 21.3 | 21.4 | 20.1 | |
| ≥74,000 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 12.2 | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Chronic IHD | 7.4 | 6.8 | 14.3 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 26.1 | 24.5 | 45.1 | <0.001 |
| Smoking history | 43.0 | 43.3 | 39.8 | <0.001 |
| CHF | 3.4 | 3.1 | 7.4 | <0.001 |
| CKD | 9.3 | 9.1 | 10.9 | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 5.9 | 4.7 | 20.1 | <0.001 |
| Prior CVA | 0.81 | 0.7 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| COPD | 3.5 | 3.1 | 7.5 | <0.001 |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||
| Hospital region | <0.001 | |||
| North-east | 14.2 | 14.2 | 13.8 | |
| Midwest | 23.5 | 23.9 | 19.0 | |
| South | 42.5 | 42.1 | 47.6 | |
| West | 19.8 | 19.8 | 19.6 | |
| Hospital bed size | 0.423 | |||
| Small | 21.6 | 21.6 | 22.5 | |
| Medium | 30.3 | 30.3 | 30.8 | |
| Large | 48.1 | 48.1 | 46.7 | |
| Urban location | 87.3 | 87.2 | 88.1 | 0.182 |
| Teaching hospital | 61.2 | 61.0 | 63.9 | 0.010 |
*For 2017.
CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; DM, diabetes mellitus; IHD, ischemic heart disease.