Clinical outcomes of the study population
| No to mild BPD (n=34) | Moderate to severe BPD (n=24) | P value | |
| Intubation at birth, n (%) | 9 (27) | 11 (46) | 0.15 |
| Surfactant during the first 24 hours, n (%) | 23 (67) | 24 (100) | <0.01 |
| Presence of chorioamnionitis, n (%) | 3 (8.8) | 3 (12.5) | 0.6 |
| Use of postnatal steroids, n (%) | 11 (32) | 15 (63) | 0.02 |
| Invasive MV (days) | 9.5 (0, 32) | 32 (6, 43) | 0.03 |
| PDA, n (%) | 13 (38.2) | 14 (58.3) | 0.13 |
| Average FiO2 at DOL 1–5 | 0.24 (0.21, 0.27) | 0.32 (25, 47) | <0.01 |
| Average FiO2 at DOL 6–10 | 0.25 (0.21, 0.30) | 0.34 (25, 45) | <0.01 |
| Average FiO2 at DOL 11–14 | 0.26 (0.21, 0.38) | 0.42 (0.30, 0.67) | <0.01 |
| FiO2 at 28 days of life | 0.25 (0.22, 0.33) | 0.32 (0.30, 0.39) | <0.01 |
| FiO2 at 36 weeks PMA | 0.21 | 0.25 (0.23, 0.31) | <0.01 |
| Length of stay (days) | 97 (78, 112) | 121 (107, 143) | <0.01 |
Continuous variables are expressed as median (25th and 75th percentile).
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; DOL, day of life; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; MV, mechanical ventilation; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PMA, postmenstrual age.