Descriptive characteristics and clinical manifestations of the study population
| Characteristics | Total (n=264) |
| Female | 265 (90.4) |
| Age (years) | 46.87 (12.94) |
| Time since diagnosis (years) | 9.12 (6.58) |
| Smoking | 67 (22.9) |
| Clinical activity | |
| SLEDAI score | 2.77±2.83 |
| SDI score | 1.00±1.25 |
| Laboratory data | |
| WBC (/µL) | 5709.86±2242.28 |
| Lymphocyte (/µL) | 1629.91±757.93 |
| Hemoglobin (/µL) | 13.89±6.61 |
| Platelet (x1000 /µL) | 226.44±70.64 |
| ESR (mm/h) | 19.24±15.50 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 3.23±4.89 |
| Hcy (µmol/L) | 12.44±7.25 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.08±0.37 |
| AST (IU/L) | 23.71±10.80 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 19.69±9.47 |
| Complement C3 level (mg/dL) | 109.23±28.01 |
| Complement C4 level (mg/dL) | 22.80±16.69 |
| Medication used | |
| Antimalarial use | 231 (79.4) |
| Immunosuppressor use | 107 (36.8) |
| Corticoid use | 114 (39.2) |
| Clinical manifestations | |
| Arthritis | 155 (55.6) |
| Facial rash | 150 (53.8) |
| Discoid lupus | 37 (13.3) |
| Mucosal ulceration | 145 (52.0) |
| Photosensitivity | 189 (67.7) |
| Hemolytic anemia | 19 (6.8) |
| Leukopenia | 168 (60.2) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 41 (14.7) |
| Neurological | 37 (13.3) |
| Nephritis | 73 (26.2) |
| Serositis | 36 (12.9) |
Data are expressed as mean and frequency and percentage.
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Hcy, homocysteine; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; WBC, white blood cell.