Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Baseline characteristics and comorbidities | Total | Parapneumonic effusion | P value | |
| (N=180) | UPPE (n=97) | CPPE (n=83) | ||
| Age (years) | 65.78±18.16 | 70.09±16.97 | 60.75±18.30 | <0.001 |
| Sex (male) | 139 (77.2) | 76 (78.4) | 63 (75.9) | 0.696 |
| Smokers | 96 (53.3) | 55 (56.7) | 41 (53.2) | 0.649 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 72 (40.0) | 44 (45.4) | 28 (36.4) | 0.231 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 40 (22.2) | 25 (25.8) | 15 (19.5) | 0.327 |
| COPD | 28 (15.6) | 22 (22.7) | 6 (7.8) | 0.008 |
| Congestive heart failure | 8 (4.4) | 3 (3.1) | 5 (6.5) | 0.469 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17 (9.4) | 11 (11.3) | 6 (7.8) | 0.434 |
| Malignancy | 35 (19.4) | 23 (23.7) | 12 (15.6) | 0.184 |
| Cirrhosis | 7 (3.9) | 2 (2.1) | 5 (6.5) | 0.243 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 9 (5.0) | 6 (6.2) | 3 (3.9) | 0.733 |
| Sonographic septation | 70 (38.9) | 22 (22.7) | 48 (57.8) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean±SD or n (%) unless otherwise stated.
Differences between continuous variables are assessed using Student’s t-test. Fisher’s exact test and χ2 test are used for nominal variables.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPPE, complicated parapneumonic effusion; UPPE, uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion.