Model or authors | Predictors | Reference of validation study |
CALL score | Comorbidities, age, lymphocyte count, LDH | 4 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) | Age, MI, CHF, PVD, CVA or TIA, dementia, COPD, connective tissue disease, PUD, liver disease, DM, hemiplegia, moderate to severe CKD, solid tumor, leukemia, lymphoma, AIDS | 4 |
HScore | Immunosuppression, body temperature, organomegaly, cytopenias, ferritin, triglycerides, fibrinogen, AST, features of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspirate | 4 |
Inflammation-based risk scoring system | Albumin, hs-CRP, WBC | 4 |
Karaismailoglu et al | Age, pneumonia, CKD, COPD, DM | 8 |
Kimura-Sandoval et al | Percentage of total opacity >51% in non-contrast chest CT, LDH | 10 |
LOW-HARM score | Lymphopenia, SpO2, WBC, HTN, age, renal injury, myocardial injury | 4 |
NLR | Absolute neutrophil count divided by absolute lymphocyte count | 4 |
Nutri-CoV score | MSL-COVID-19 score, SpO2, RR | 7 |
Obesity and diabetes score (MSL-COVID-19) | Pneumonia, DM, DM and age <40 years, age ≥65 years, age <40 years, CKD, immunosuppression, COPD, obesity | 4 |
ODL-COVID | CD8+ T lymphocyte count, D-dimer, LDH, CRP, HTN, DM | 5 |
PH-Covid19 score | Age, sex, DM, COPD, immunosuppression, HTN, obesity, CKD | 4, 9 |
PhenoAge components | Albumin, creatinine, CRP, CA | 12 |
PhenoAgeAccel+CA | PhenoAgeAccel value, CA | 12 |
Quiroz-Juárez et al | DM, COPD, immunosuppressive drugs, HTN, CKD, CVD, obesity, presence of other chronic illnesses, sex, state of birth (Mexico), state of residence (Mexico), age, units of viral respiratory diseases (USMER) designation, sector (medical facility), state of treatment (Mexico), days symptoms-treatment, COVID-19 status, COVID-19-related pneumonia, hospitalization status, intubation, ICU | 6 |
Wollenstein-Betech et al | Age, sex, immunosuppression, CKD, obesity, DM | 11 |
Wollenstein-Betech et al (extended model) | Age, sex, immunosuppression, CKD, obesity, DM, hospitalization, pneumonia, need for ICU or ventilator | 11 |
AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CA, chronological age; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; DM, diabetes mellitus; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HTN, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MI, myocardial infarction; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PUD, peptic ulcer disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; TIA, transient ischemic attack; WBC, white blood cell count.