Risk factors for poor participation at 1-year follow-up in the univariate analysis
| Poor participation n=106 | Favorable participation n=337 | t/z/χ2 | P value | |
| Age (years)* | 65.56 (10.95) | 57.74 (11.17) | −6.313 | <0.001 |
| Male† | 68 (64.2) | 256 (76) | 5.728 | 0.017 |
| NIHSS score on admission‡ | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | −3.418 | 0.001 |
| Time of onset to admission* | 26.5 (34.5) | 22.2 (30.2) | −1.223 | 0.222 |
| Hypertension† | 87 (82.1) | 237 (70.3) | 5.666 | 0.017 |
| Diabetes mellitus† | 39 (36.8) | 93 (27.6) | 3.26 | 0.071 |
| Atrial fibrillation† | 12 (11.3) | 14 (4.2) | 7.496 | 0.006 |
| Previous stroke† | 12 (11.3) | 21 (6.3) | 2.999 | 0.083 |
| Intravenous thrombolysis† | 7 (6.6) | 16 (4.7) | 0.564 | 0.453 |
| Stroke subtype† | 18.79 | 0.001 | ||
| Large artery | 44 (41.5) | 94 (27.9) | ||
| Small artery | 37 (34.9) | 161 (47.8) | ||
| Cardioembolism | 12 (11.3) | 13 (3.9) | ||
| Other etiologies | 2 (1.9) | 8 (2.4) | ||
| Unknown etiologies | 11 (10.4) | 61 (18.1) | ||
| Location of infarcts | ||||
| Cortical region† | 46 (43.4) | 126 (37.4) | 1.225 | 0.268 |
| Subcortical region† | 73 (68.9) | 229 (68.2) | 0.019 | 0.891 |
| Infratentorial region† | 21 (19.8) | 66 (19.6) | 0.001 | 0.97 |
| Infarct volume‡ | 2.17 (0.64–6.07) | 0.98 (0.4–3.04) | −3.287 | 0.001 |
| BG-EPVS‡ | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | −2.436 | 0.015 |
| CS-EPVS‡ | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | −1.998 | 0.046 |
| PVH‡ | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | −2.729 | 0.006 |
| DWMH‡ | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–1) | −3.287 | 0.001 |
| VBR* | 20.7 (4.1) | 20.2 (6.4) | −0.691 | 0.49 |
| MTLA‡ | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–1) | −4.595 | <0.001 |
| ADL on follow-up‡ | 18 (15–29.5) | 14 (14–14) | −14.699 | <0.001 |
| mRS score on follow-up‡ | 2 (1–3) | 0 (0–1) | −10.94 | <0.001 |
*Mean (SD), t-test.
†n (%), χ2 test.
‡Median (Qu–QL), Mann-Whitney U test.
ADL, activities of daily living; BG-EPVS, enlarged perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia; CS-EPVS, enlarged perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale; DWMH, deep white matter hyperintensities; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; MTLA, medial temporal lobe atrophy; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PVH, periventricular hyperintensities; VBR, ventricular-brain ratio.