Risk factors for any sequelae and individual sequelae of septic arthritis among patients with septic arthritis*,†
| Septic arthritis sequelae vs no sequelae | P value | |
| Any sequelae | ||
| Gender (female vs male) | ||
| Race | ||
| Black vs white | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.94) | 0.0019 |
| Other vs white | 0.8 (0.64 to 1.00) | 0.0484 |
| Access type | ||
| Catheter vs AVF | 1.31 (1.15 to 1.49) | <0.0001 |
| Graft vs AVF | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.22) | 0.6097 |
| Age (5-year increase) | – | – |
| Streptococcus | – | – |
| Staphylococcus | – | – |
| MRSA | 1.16 (1.04 to 1.29) | 0.0054 |
| Gram-negative organisms | 1.17 (0.98 to 1.40) | 0.0871 |
| Gouty arthropathy | – | – |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 0.63 (0.44 to 0.89) | 0.0081 |
| Other arthropathy | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.01) | 0.0745 |
| History of joint prosthesis | 1.56 (1.37 to 1.79) | <0.0001 |
| Hepatitis C | – | – |
| Cirrhosis | – | – |
| History of organ transplant | 0.66 (0.48 to 0.92) | 0.0134 |
| Autoimmune conditions | 0.64 (0.44 to 0.93) | 0.0178 |
| Diabetes | – | – |
| Bacteremia | – | – |
| Osteomyelitis | ||
| Gender (female vs male) | – | |
| Race | ||
| Black vs white | 0.86 (0.74 to 1.00) | 0.0475 |
| Other vs white | 0.76 (0.54 to 1.06) | 0.1021 |
| Access type | ||
| Catheter vs AVF | – | – |
| Graft vs AVF | – | – |
| Age (5-year increase) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.98) | 0.0008 |
| Streptococcus | – | – |
| Staphylococcus | – | – |
| MRSA | 1.40 (1.20 to 1.64) | <0.0001 |
| Gram-negative organisms | 1.34 (1.03 to 1.73) | 0.0272 |
| Gouty arthropathy | 0.70 (0.53 to 0.93) | 0.0145 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | – | – |
| Other arthropathy | – | – |
| History of joint prosthesis | 0.59 (0.43 to 0.81) | 0.0010 |
| Hepatitis C | 2.08 (1.06 to 4.06) | 0.0329 |
| Cirrhosis | 0.67 (0.46 to 1.00) | 0.0497 |
| History of organ transplant | – | – |
| Autoimmune conditions | 0.38 (0.19 to 0.76) | 0.0065 |
| Diabetes | 1.4 (1.19 to 1.65) | <0.0001 |
| Bacteremia | – | – |
| Joint replacement | ||
| Gender (female vs male) | – | – |
| Race | ||
| Black vs white | – | – |
| Other vs white | – | – |
| Access type | ||
| Catheter vs AVF | 1.85 (1.40 to 2.45) | <0.0001 |
| Graft vs AVF | 1.07 (0.62 to 1.87) | 0.7993 |
| Age (5-year increase) | 1.13 (1.10 to 1.17) | <0.0001 |
| Streptococcus | 1.25 (0.88 to 1.78) | 0.2186 |
| Staphylococcus | 1.63 (1.15 to 2.30) | 0.0056 |
| MRSA | 1.31 (1.07 to 1.61) | 0.0088 |
| Gram-negative organisms | – | – |
| Gouty arthropathy | – | – |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 0.66 (0.40 to 1.09) | 0.1061 |
| Other arthropathy | – | – |
| History of joint prosthesis | 5.16 (4.30 to 6.18) | <0.0001 |
| Hepatitis C | – | – |
| Cirrhosis | – | – |
| History of organ transplant | – | – |
| Autoimmune conditions | – | – |
| Diabetes | 0.62 (0.52 to 0.74) | <0.0001 |
| Bacteremia | – | – |
| Amputation | ||
| Gender (female vs male) | 0.70 (0.58 to 0.84) | 0.0001 |
| Race | ||
| Black vs white | – | – |
| Other vs white | – | – |
| Access type | ||
| Catheter vs AVF | – | – |
| Graft vs AVF | – | – |
| Age (5-year increase) | 0.94 (0.91 to 0.97) | <0.0001 |
| Streptococcus | – | – |
| Staphylococcus | – | – |
| MRSA | – | – |
| Gram-negative organisms | 1.41 (1.02 to 1.95) | 0.0378 |
| Gouty arthropathy | – | – |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 0.10 (0.01 to 0.74) | 0.0238 |
| Other arthropathy | – | – |
| History of joint prosthesis | – | – |
| Hepatitis C | – | – |
| Cirrhosis | 0.55 (0.32 to 0.94) | 0.0305 |
| History of organ transplant | – | – |
| Autoimmune conditions | 0.19 (0.05 to 0.79) | 0.0222 |
| Diabetes | 2.18 (1.72 to 2.77) | <0.0001 |
| Bacteremia | – | – |
| Clostridioides difficile infection | ||
| Gender (female vs male) | 1.27 (1.02 to 1.59) | 0.0320 |
| Race | ||
| Black vs white | – | – |
| Other vs white | – | – |
| Access type | ||
| Catheter vs AVF | – | – |
| Graft vs AVF | – | – |
| Age (5-year increase) | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.13) | <0.0001 |
| Streptococcus | – | – |
| Staphylococcus | – | – |
| MRSA | – | – |
| Gram-negative organisms | – | – |
| Gouty arthropathy | – | – |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | – | – |
| Other arthropathy | – | – |
| History of joint prosthesis | – | – |
| Hepatitis C | – | – |
| Cirrhosis | – | – |
| History of organ transplant | – | – |
| Autoimmune conditions | – | – |
| Diabetes | – | – |
| Bacteremia | 2.66 (1.31 to 5.39) | 0.0069 |
*Results reported as adjusted relative risk (95% CI).
†Statistically significant associations are bolded.
AVF, arteriovenous fistula; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.