Characteristics of Study Population
| Cyanotic heart disease underwent CSTS (N=53) | Passed CSTS N=48 (90.6%) | Failed CSTS N=5 (9.4%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race: Non-Hispanic White Race: Non-Hispanic Black | 20 (42%) 22 (46%) | 1 (20%) 4 (80%) | 0.3264 | |
| Female Sex | 22 (46%) | 2 (40%) | 0.8031 | |
| Singleton | 45 (94%) | 4 (80%) | 0.2679 | |
| Delivery resuscitation required | 11 (23%) | 3 (60%) | 0.0735 | |
| Admit location: Newborn Nursery Admit location: Neonatal ICU Admit location: Pediatric ICU | 0 (0%) 47 (98%) 1 (2%) | 1 (20%) 4 (80%) 0 (0%) | 0.0072 | |
| Birth Gestational Age, weeks | 38.1 (1.5) | 37.3 (2.8) | 0.6006 | |
| Premature | 5 (10%) | 2 (40%) | 0.063 | |
| Birthweight, grams Birth Length, centimeters Birth Head Circumference, centimeters | 2940 (539) 47.9 (2.9) 32.8 (1.7) | 2447 (475) 45.8 (2.8) 31.1 (1.9) | 0.0552 0.13 0.0452 | |
| Small for Gestational Age | 11 (23%) | 2 (40%) | 0.3982 | |
| Intrapartum pain medication: Stadol | 1 (2%) | 1 (20%) | 0.0454 | |
| No antenatal steroids | 38 (79%) | 3 (60%) | 0.3246 | |
| Cardiac surgery during admission Cardiac bypass during surgery Balloon atrial septostomy | 35 (73%) 19 (54%) 10 (21%) | 4 (80%) 3 (75%) 2 (40%) | 0.7324 0.4287 0.3298 | |
| Required CPR | 3 (6%) | 1 (20%) | 0.268 | |
| ECMO | 4 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.502 | |
| Micrognathia Laryngomalacia Vocal cord paresis/paralysis Hemidiaphragm paresis/paralysis | 5 (10%) 2 (4%) 3 (6%) 4 (8%) | 0 (0%) 1 (20%) 0 (0%) 1 (20%) | 0.4482 0.1448 0.5649 0.3957 | |
| PAH a | 17 (35%) | 2 (40%) | 0.8388 | |
| Diuretics at the time of CSTS | 25 (52%) | 2 (40%) | 0.1002 | |
| Antacid at the time of CSTS | 18 (37%) | 3 (60%) | 0.5898 | |
| Propranolol at the time of CSTS | 7 (15%) | 1 (20%) | 0.1198 | |
| Clonidine at the time of CSTS | 5 (10%) | 1 (20%) | 0.5198 | |
| Caffeine off before CSTS Caffeine on at time of CSTS | 5 (10%) 2 (4%) | 3 (60%) 0 (0%) | 0.0127 | |
| Steroids: Any (all reasons) Steroids: Peri-extubation Steroids: Hypotension Steroids: Adrenal insufficiency | 25 (52%) 22 (46%) 13 (27%) 7 (15%) | 2 (60%) 3 (60%) 2 (40%) 1 (20%) | 0.7358 0.5459 0.5417 0.747 | |
| Trisomy 21 NAS b Seizures Hypotonia PVL IVH Grade 3 or 4 | 1 (2%) 7 (15%) 0 (0%) 1 (2%) 1 (2%) 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) 1 (20%) 1 (20%) 1 (20%) 1 (20%) 0 (0%) | 0.7445 0.7475 0.0018 0.0454 0.0454 0.7445 | |
| Infant toxicology positive (opiates) | 5 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 0.4205 | |
| Age (days) at time of CSTS | 23 (6-44.5) | 58 (3-71) | 0.5322 | |
| Weight at CSTS, grams | 3406 (858) | 3753 (1586) | 0.6537 | |
| Length of stay, days | 23.5 (7-45.5) | 58 (17-73) | 0.2536 | |
| Readmitted within 1 month of discharge | 11 (23%) | 2 (40%) | 0.3982 | |
(a) Subjects were defined as having PAH if any of the following were true: [1] listed on patient‘s problem list, [2] ECHO report indicating any of the following: pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary pressure > ½ systemic pressure, right ventricular dilation, right ventricular hypertrophy, or right ventricular dysfunction, or [3] ECHO report with septal flattening in systole, PLUS any of the following: BNP > 117 pg/mL, hypoxic events, or FiO2 requirement > 25%. (b) Includes iatrogenic NAS. Abbreviations: CSTS, Car Seat Tolerance Screening; ICU, intensive care unit; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECMO, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; NAS, neonatal abstinence syndrome; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage