Comparison of neonates based on human-milk-based human milk fortifier feeding status
| n (%) mean (SD) median (IQR) | Received Human-Milk-Based Human-Milk Fortifier (HMBHMF) (November 2018 – December 2020) n=121 | Never received Human-Milk-Based Human-Milk Fortifier (HMBHMF) (September 2015 – October 2018) n=298 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female Sex | 69 (57%) | 155 (52%) | 0.3513 |
| Birth Gestational Age (GA), weeks, mean (SD) | 27.2 (2.2) | 28.1 (2.7) | 0.0013 |
| Birth Weight, grams, mean (SD) | 899 (188) | 932 (212) | 0.1174 |
| Race: Non-Hispanic White Race: Non-Hispanic Black | 29 (24%) 78 (65%) | 95 (32%) 166 (56%) | 0.5013 |
| Prolonged Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) | 45 (38%) | 60 (21%) | 0.0005 |
| Small for gestational age (SGA, <10%tile) | 34 (28%) | 105 (36%) | 0.1411 |
| No Antenatal Steroids | 8 (7%) | 20 (7%) | 0.9990 |
| Ever fed HMBHMF | 121 (100%) | 0 (0%) | <0.0001 |
| Day of life (DOL) full feeds, median (IQR) | 19 (13-36) | 19 (15-34) | 0.7562 |
| DOL completed parenteral nutrition (PN), median (IQR) | 22 (14-44) | 21 (15-44) | 0.8279 |
| Ever fed Maternal Breast Milk (MBM) | 109 (89%) | 260 (88%) | 0.6243 |
| Ever fed Donor Breast Milk (DBM) | 70 (59%) | 119 (40%) | 0.0005 |
| Ever fed Formula | 68 (56%) | 208 (70%) | 0.0058 |
| UVC placed | 99 (82%) | 242 (81%) | 0.8844 |
| UAC placed | 75 (63%) | 170 (57%) | 0.3058 |
| PICC line or surgical CVL | 107 (88%) | 249 (84%) | 0.2888 |
| DOL all central lines removed, median (IQR) | 17 (13-27.5) | 19 (14-39) | 0.0987 |
| NEC (any Bell Stage 1, 2, 3) | 18 (14.9%) | 39 (13.1%) | 0.6280 |
| NEC Bell Stage 2 or 3 | 8 (6.6%) | 20 (6.7%) | 0.9704 |
| Post-menstrual age (PMA) diagnosed with NEC stage 2 or 3, mean (SD) | 31.5 (2.4) | 31.7 (3.5) | 0.8280 |
| Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation (SIP) | 4 (3%) | 14 (5%) | 0.5241 |
| FiO2 >21% at 36 weeks PMA | 64 (54%) | 156 (53%) | 0.8166 |
| Late Onset (blood culture positive) Sepsis | 18 (15%) | 26 (9%) | 0.0602 |
| Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) grade 3 or 4 | 11 (9%) | 24 (8%) | 0.8469 |
| Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) | 9 (7%) | 28 (10%) | 0.4920 |
| Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) requiring treatment | 5 (4%) | 12 (5%) | 0.3344 |
| Death prior to discharge | 5 (4%) | 15 (5%) | 0.9318 |
| Daily weight gain (g/kg/day) first 4 weeks of life, median (IQR) | 12 (8-17) | 15 (11-20) | 0.0008 |
| Daily weight gain (g/kg/day) first 6 weeks of life, median (IQR) | 17 (12-21) | 19 (14-23) | 0.0493 |
CVL, central venous line surgically placed; DOL, day of life; GA, gestational age; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; MBM, maternal breast milk; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; PICC, peripherally inserted central catheter; PMA, post-menstrual age in weeks; PN, parenteral nutrition; PPROM, prolonged premature rupture of membranes; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; SGA, small for gestational age status <10%tile; SIP, spontaneous intestinal perforation; UAC, umbilical arterial catheter; UVC, umbilical venous catheter