Characteristics | Pre-COVID-19 era N=19,083 | COVID-19 era N=8616 | P value* |
Overall, no (%) | 19,083 (68.9) | 8616 (31.1) | <0.001 |
Sex, no (%) | |||
Male | 9960 (51.2) | 4426 (51.4) | 0.20 |
Female | 9123 (47.8) | 4190 (48.6) | |
Age, no (%) | |||
<2 | 4359 (22.8) | 2041 (23.7) | 0.12 |
≥2 | 14,724 (77.2) | 6575 (76.3) | |
Mean (SD) | 7.10 (5.86) | 7.38 (6.10) | <0.001 |
Race, no (%) | |||
White | 5046 (26.4) | 2505 (29.1) | <0.001 |
Black | 9378 (49.1) | 4029 (46.8) | |
Asian | 882 (4.6) | 380 (4.4) | |
American Indian/Pacific Islander | 36 (0.2) | 18 (0.2) | |
Native Hawaiian | 20 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) | |
Other | 3721 (19.5) | 1676 (19.5) | |
Ethnicity, no (%) | |||
Non-Hispanic | 15,869 (83.2) | 7196 (83.5) | 0.46 |
Hispanic | 3214 (16.8) | 1420 (16.5) | |
National ADI rank | |||
1–25 (highest SES) | 5392 (28.3) | 2592 (30.1) | 0.001 |
26–50 | 4766 (25.0) | 2124 (24.7) | |
51–75 | 4219 (22.1) | 1932 (22.4) | |
76–100 (lowest SES) | 4706 (24.7) | 1968 (22.8) | |
Hospital, no (%) | |||
PED 1 | 3137 (16.4) | 1269 (14.7) | <0.001 |
PED 2 | 5398 (28.3) | 2196 (25.5) | |
PED 3 | 10 548 (55.3) | 5151 (59.8) | |
Overall hospital admission, no (%) | 1471 (7.7) | 992 (11.5) | <0.001 |
Presence of head injury, no (%) | 1058 (5.5) | 553 (6.4) | 0.004 |
For categorical variables, proportions are compared with χ2 tests.
*For continuous variables, means are compared with t-tests.
ADI, Area Deprivation Index; SES, socioeconomic status.