Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrating associations with medically attended head injury
| Factors | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | P value |
| Era | |||
| Pre-COVID-19 (2019) | (ref) | ||
| COVID-19 (2020) | 1.19 | 1.06 to 1.35 | 0.004 |
| Race | |||
| White | (ref) | ||
| Black | 0.49 | 0.43 to 0.56 | <0.001 |
| Interaction: race×era | 1.07 | 0.84 to 1.36 | 0.60 |
| Black patients in pre-COVID-19 era | 0.48 | 0.41 to 0.56 | <0.001 |
| Black patients in COVID-19 era | 0.51 | 0.42 to 0.63 | <0.001 |
| National ADI rank | |||
| 1–25 (highest SES) | (ref) | ||
| 26–50 | 0.82 | 0.70 to 0.96 | 0.01 |
| 51–75 | 0.88 | 0.74 to 1.05 | 0.15 |
| 76–100 (lowest SES) | 0.83 | 0.69 to 1.00 | 0.06 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | (ref) | ||
| Male | 1.58 | 1.40 to 1.78 | 0.001 |
| Age | |||
| <2 | (ref) | ||
| ≥2 | 1.61 | 1.37 to 1.88 | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic | (ref) | ||
| Hispanic | 0.49 | 0.33 to 0.74 | 0.001 |
| Presenting hospital | |||
| Academic hospital (PED 3) | (ref) | ||
| Community hospital (PED 1 and 2) | 1.48 | 1.30 to 1.67 | <0.001 |
*Adjusted for race, ADI rank, sex, age group, ethnicity, and presenting hospital.
ADI, Area Deprivation Index; SES, socioeconomic status.