Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Placebo, n=27 | Losartan, n=26 | Spironolactone, n=27 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, number (%) | 15 (55.6) | 13 (50.0) | 14 (51.9) |
| Age, years | 49.3±8.8 | 52.3±9.1 | 51.7±9.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.3±7.1 | 30.3±5.4 | 33.7±7.1 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 14.4±9.6 | 17.0±7.7 | 17.0±9.1 |
| Statin therapy, number (%) | 19 (70.4) | 17 (65.4) | 18 (66.7) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.4±0.7 | 1.7±0.7 | 1.8±0.9 |
| Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 917 (633 to 1329) | 897 (611 to 1316) | 1094 (758 to 1579) |
| Normalized protein catabolic rate, g/kg/days | 0.97±0.21 | 1.07±0.26 | 0.91±0.21 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 8.1±1.3 | 7.6±1.3 | 7.4±1.6 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 189±49 | 198±75 | 176±44 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 95±38 | 100±45 | 75±29 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 43±10 | 46±15 | 45±11 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 183 (145 to 232) | 175 (136 to 225) | 191 (156 to 235) |
| Triglycerides/HDL | 4.3 (3.3 to 5.7) | 4.0 (2.9 to 5.6) | 4.3 (3.4 to 5.5) |
| VLDL+IDL-C, mg/dL | 41.8 (32.3 to 54.2) | 40.0 (30.7 to 52.1) | 47.3 (38.2 to 58.6) |
| VLDL+IDL Apo-B, mg/dL | 31.3 (24.4 to 40.2) | 28.3 (22.8 to 35.2) | 33.5 (28.0 to 40.1) |
| 24-hour Ambulatory BP, mm Hg | |||
| Systolic | 138±15 | 143±15 | 135±11 |
| Diastolic | 75±9 | 75±9 | 71±9 |
| Concomitant antihypertensives (week 0) | |||
| Diuretic | 23 (85.2) | 23 (88.5) | 27 (96.3) |
| β-Blocker | 19 (70.4) | 17 (63.4) | 21 (77.8) |
| α-Blocker | 8 (29.6) | 8 (30.8) | 7 (25.9) |
| Central adrenergic agonist | 2 (7.4) | 3 (11.5) | 3 (11.1) |
| Vasodilator | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Concomitant antihypertensives (week 1–48) | |||
| Diuretic | 25 (92.6) | 24 (92.3) | 25 (92.6) |
| β-Blocker | 21 (77.8) | 22 (84.6) | 22 (81.5) |
| α-Blocker | 15 (55.6) | 16 (61.5) | 13 (48.2) |
| Central adrenergic agonist | 9 (33.3) | 11 (42.3) | 5 (18.5) |
| Vasodilator | 2 (7.4) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0) |
Data are presented as total (%), mean±SD or geometric mean (95% CI).
Apo-B, apolipoprotein B; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IDL-C, intermediate-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein.