Background: Surgery for pancreatic cysts is associated with significant morbidity. A pilot study previously demonstrated the safety of EUS-guided ethanol lavage of pancreatic cysts.
Objective: To determine whether EUS-guided ethanol lavage would decrease pancreatic cyst size more than saline solution lavage.
Design: Prospective, multicenter, randomized trial.
Setting: Two tertiary referral hospitals in the United States.
Patients: Patients referred for EUS with a 1- to 5-cm unilocular pancreatic cyst were randomized to blinded ethanol or saline solution lavage. Three months later, the cyst diameter was remeasured by EUS, and a second unblinded ethanol lavage was performed.
Interventions: EUS-guided pancreatic cyst lavage.
Main outcome measurements: Cyst ablation based on size changes from follow-up EUS, CT, and histology of resected specimens.
Results: Of 58 patients randomized, 16 were excluded and 42 underwent initial ethanol (n = 25) or saline solution (n = 17) lavage. Ethanol lavage resulted in a greater mean percentage of decrease in cyst surface area (-42.9; 95% CI, -58.4 to -27.4) compared with saline solution alone (-11.4; 95% CI, -25.0 to 2.2; P = .009). Nineteen (76.0%) of 25 and 14 (82.3%) of 17 patients randomized to ethanol and saline solution, respectively, underwent a second ethanol lavage. A follow-up CT scan demonstrated resolution in 12 (33.3%) of 36 cysts. Histology of 4 resected cysts demonstrated epithelial ablation ranging from 0% (saline solution alone) to 50% to 100% (1 or 2 ethanol lavages). Complication rates were similar in all groups.
Limitation: Short-term follow-up.
Conclusions: EUS-guided ethanol lavage results in a greater decrease in pancreatic cyst size compared with saline solution lavage with a similar safety profile. Overall CT-defined complete pancreatic cyst ablation was 33.3%.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00233038.