The effect of retinol deficiency and curcumin/turmeric on lipid peroxidation and fatty acid profile was studied in liver, kidney, spleen and brain microsomes of rats. Results revealed an increase in lipid peroxidation in retinol deficient liver by 32%, kidney 30%, spleen 24% and brain 43% compared to the controls. Feeding 0.1% curcumin or turmeric for three weeks in diet to retinol deficient rats reduced the lipid peroxidation respectively to 12.5 or 22.6%, in liver, 23.7 or 24.1% in kidney, 14.4 or 18.0% in spleen and 16.0 or 31.4% in brain. Retinol deficiency lead to a reduction in the essential fatty acids. In liver C18:1 showed a reduction by 45.6%, C18:2 by 31.6% and C20:4 by 22.8%. In kidney C18:1 was reduced by 33.6%, 18:2 by 24.6% and 20:4 by 13.7%. In spleen and brain C18:1 showed a reduction by 10.2% and 33.9%, C18:2 by 37.9% and 12.1% and C20:4 by 15.7% and 35.3% respectively. Curcumin and turmeric fed group showed a significant increase in the abnormally reduced fatty acid levels.