Monocytes are a major population of circulating immune cells that play a crucial role in
producing pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body. The actions of monocytes are known to be …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health issue worldwide accompanied by cardiovascular
comorbidities. Growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) is a stress‐responsive cytokine …

Although obese sarcopenia is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence
worldwide, the factors that contribute to the development of obese sarcopenia are still obscure. …

Although it was known that obesity is an independent risk factor for metabolic disorders
including diabetes, the factors that link these diseases were obscure. The Hedgehog-interacting …

Background: Since non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly associated with
obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, biomarkers for the diagnosis of NAFLD have …

Hepatic dysfunction is commonly observed in subjects with hyperthyroidism. Hepassocin is
a hepatokine playing an important role in metabolic diseases and exhibiting a hepatic …

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-response cytokine which belongs to the
transforming growth factor β superfamily. Although GDF15 was initially found to have a role …

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is a potent antidiabetic agent with
cardiorenal and weight-losing benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The combination of …

Background Obesity is an independent risk factor for metabolic disorders including diabetes.
The Hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip) is a negative regulator in tissue remodeling, and …

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease. Growth
differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is one of the promising biomarkers that has been studied to predict …