Demographics | | | | | | | |
Age, years | 44.2±10.0 | 42.9±10.3 | 43.4±9.7 | 43.9±9.6 | 45.1±10.2 | 46.5±9.8 | <0.001 |
Gender (male), % | 41.9 | 26.5 | 41.6 | 42.2 | 51.6 | 53.7 | <0.001 |
Race, % | | | | | | | <0.001* |
Hispanic | 14.0 | 11.3 | 13.4 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 15.9 | |
Non-Hispanic black | 48.9 | 65.9 | 53.0 | 45.8 | 37.7 | 35.6 | |
Non-Hispanic white | 35.1 | 22.0 | 33.2 | 35.2 | 44.9 | 45.6 | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 30.5±7.5 | 31.8±8.5 | 30.5±7.3 | 30.4±7.8 | 30.0±6.7 | 29.1±6.0 | <0.001 |
Comorbidities | | | | | | | |
Prevalent diabetes, % | 9.1 | 18.5 | 8.9 | 5.4 | 7.0 | 3.3 | <0.001 |
Prevalent hypertension, % | 37.2 | 42.8 | 34.8 | 34.2 | 34.2 | 41.1 | 0.27 |
SBP, mm Hg | 126.8±17.8 | 127.2±18.0 | 125.9±17.6 | 126.1±17.2 | 127.4±19.2 | 128.1±17.1 | 0.45 |
DBP, mm Hg | 79.0±9.9 | 79.0±9.6 | 78.9±10.1 | 78.6±9.4 | 79.0±10.7 | 79.9±9.8 | 0.66 |
Current smoker, % | 25.8 | 27.5 | 28.7 | 25.1 | 23.6 | 23.0 | 0.009* |
Current alcohol user, % | 71.4 | 66.7 | 72.7 | 72.5 | 74.4 | 71.0 | 0.12* |
Medications | | | | | | | |
Diuretics, % | 9.1 | 12.2 | 6.4 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 0.32 |
ACEI, % | 17.5 | 22.8 | 17.0 | 16.8 | 15.1 | 14.1 | 0.001 |
ARB, % | 9.5 | 11.1 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 0.73 |
Dietary supplements, % | 23.7 | 18.7 | 23.0 | 23.4 | 28.5 | 26.7 | 0.001 |
Laboratory values | | | | | | | |
Magnesium, mg/dL | 2.1±0.2 | 1.8±0.1 | 2.0±0.0 | 2.1±0.0 | 2.2±0.0 | 2.4±0.1 | |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 99.9±20.7 | 105.5±22.4 | 101.1±20.0 | 98.7±19.8 | 97.7±21.0 | 93.8±17.7 | <0.001 |
ΔeGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 per year | −0.7 (−2.4, 0.7) | −1.1 (−3.1, 0.5) | −0.8 (−2.5, 0.7) | −0.6 (−2.2, 0.9) | −0.6 (−2.2, 0.6) | −0.5 (−2.0, 1.0) | <0.001 |
Urine ACR, mg/g | 2.7(1.8, 4.5) | 2.9(1.9, 4.9) | 2.8 (1.8, 4.9) | 2.6 (1.7, 4.6) | 2.7(1.8, 4.1) | 2.5(1.8, 3.9) | 0.009 |
Albumin, g/dL | 4.0±0.3 | 3.8±0.3 | 4.0±0.3 | 4.0±0.3 | 4.1±0.3 | 4.1±0.3 | <0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 100.5±37.9 | 113.2±60.6 | 99.9±37.8 | 96.0±23.0 | 96.9±23.1 | 93.2±16.7 | 0.08 |
Calcium, mg/dL | 9.2±0.4 | 9.2±0.4 | 9.2±0.4 | 9.2±0.4 | 9.3±0.3 | 9.3±0.4 | <0.001 |
Phosphate, mg/dL | 3.2±0.6 | 3.2±0.6 | 3.2±0.5 | 3.2±0.5 | 3.2±0.6 | 3.2±0.7 | 0.32 |
Sodium, mEq/L | 137.7±2.4 | 136.9±2.4 | 137.6±2.3 | 137.7±2.3 | 138.2±2.4 | 138.3±2.5 | <0.001 |
Potassium, mEq/L | 4.3±1.7 | 4.2±1.6 | 4.4±1.4 | 4.3±1.8 | 4.2±2.1 | 4.5±1.6 | <0.001 |
Bicarbonate, mEq/L | 27.2±2.2 | 26.8±2.2 | 27.1±2.1 | 27.1±2.2 | 27.5±2.1 | 27.7±2.3 | <0.001 |
iPTH, pg/mL | 37.2(28.3, 49.9) | 35.8 (26.1, 49.1) | 38.0 (28.7, 48.6) | 37.2(28.7, 50.2) | 37.1 (29.1, 51.1) | 38.2(29.2, 52.1) | 0.01 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 180.6±37.8 | 172.9±38.3 | 181.4±36.6 | 181.2±37.1 | 181.3±36.8 | 190.6±38.8 | <0.001 |
HDL, mg/dL | 50.4±14.6 | 52.1±15.5 | 51.1±14.5 | 50.6±14.5 | 48.1±13.7 | 49.5±14.6 | 0.001 |
CRP, mg/L | 2.7 (1.1, 6.4) | 3.2 (1.0, 8.4) | 2.7 (1.1, 6.6) | 2.7 (1.2, 6.7) | 2.2 (0.9, 5.3) | 2.5 (1.1, 4.9) | <0.001 |