Gender‐based disparities in COVID-19 patient outcomes

Article Figures & Data

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of male and female patients with COVID-19

Categorical variables are presented as count (per cent). Age is presented as mean (SD).

Table 2

Laboratory data and outcomes of the male and female patients with COVID-19

	Male (n=370)	Female (n=331)	P value	Values missing (%)
Initial BUN (mg/dL)	18 (20)	15 (17)	0.0002	27 (3.9)
Initial creatinine (mg/dL)	1.1 (1.0)	0.9 (0.7)	<0.0001	27 (3.9)
Initial WBC (10⁹/mL)	6.7 (3.8)	6.7 (3.7)	0.459	194 (27.7)
Initial lymphocyte count (10⁹/mL)	1.0 (0.6)	1.1 (0.7)	0.0004	37 (5.3)
Initial neutrophil count (10⁹/mL)	5.5 (3.9)	4.8 (3.8)	0.203	37 (5.3)
Initial N:L ratio	5.5 (5.7)	4.5 (4.9)	0.002	37 (5.3)
Initial CRP (μg/mL)	9.7 (12.7)	6.9 (9.2)	0.0003	181 (25.8)
Max CRP (μg/mL)	12.1 (14.7)	8.8 (13.8)	0.0008	181 (25.8)
Percentage increase in CRP	24	27	0.64
Initial ferritin (ng/mL)	878 (1096)	576 (947)	<0.0001	222 (31.7)
Max ferritin (ng/mL)	1,137 (1,341)	655 (1145)	<0.0001	222 (31.7)
Percentage increase in ferritin	29	13	0.02
Initial D-dimer (ng/mL)	1.1 (2.0)	0.9 (1.4)	0.157	180 (25.7)
Max D-Dimer (ng/mL)	1.7 (6.3)	1.4 (2.9)	0.02	180 (25.7)
Percentage increase in D-dimer	54	55	0.85
ICU admission	117 (31.6)	71 (21.4)	0.002	0 (0)
Hospital mortality	49 (13.2%)	28 (8.8%)	0.06	0 (0)

Categorical variables are presented as count (per cent). All biomarkers are presented as median (IQR) due to non-normal distributions.
Bolded p values indicate significance at 0.05 level.
BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; N:L, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio; WBC, white blood cell.

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